King James Version

What Does Genesis 31:19 Mean?

Genesis 31:19 in the King James Version says “And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father's. images: Heb. teraphim — study this verse from Genesis chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father's. images: Heb. teraphim

Genesis 31:19 · KJV


Context

17

Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives upon camels;

18

And he carried away all his cattle, and all his goods which he had gotten, the cattle of his getting, which he had gotten in Padanaram, for to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan.

19

And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father's. images: Heb. teraphim

20

And Jacob stole away unawares to Laban the Syrian, in that he told him not that he fled. unawares: Heb. the heart of Laban

21

So he fled with all that he had; and he rose up, and passed over the river, and set his face toward the mount Gilead.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father's.... This passage belongs to the Jacob narratives which demonstrate God's sovereign election overriding human merit and the transformation of a deceiver into Israel, the father of the twelve tribes. The Jacob cycle shows how divine purposes advance through flawed individuals whom God graciously transforms.

Key themes include God's sovereign choice ("the older shall serve the younger"), the consequences of deception and family dysfunction, exile and return patterns, wrestling with God leading to blessing, and covenant renewal across generations. Jacob's character development from manipulative deceiver to mature patriarch demonstrates sanctification's lifelong process.

Theologically significant aspects include: (1) divine election based on grace not merit (Romans 9:10-13); (2) God's faithfulness to covenant promises despite human unfaithfulness; (3) discipline as evidence of divine love and means of transformation; (4) generational patterns of sin requiring divine intervention to break; (5) prayer and wrestling with God as legitimate expressions of faith. Jacob's limp after wrestling God symbolizes how divine encounters leave permanent marks, transforming our approach to life and dependence on God rather than our own cunning.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse deepen our understanding of God's character and His relationship with creation?
  2. How should this truth about Covenant at Mizpah shape our daily decisions and priorities?
  3. How does understanding Christ as the ultimate fulfillment illuminate this passage's meaning?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וְלָבָ֣ן1 of 11

And Laban

H3837

laban, a place in the desert

הָלַ֔ךְ2 of 11

went

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

לִגְזֹ֖ז3 of 11

to shear

H1494

to cut off; specifically to shear a flock or shave the hair; figuratively to destroy an enemy

אֶת4 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

צֹאנ֑וֹ5 of 11

his sheep

H6629

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)

וַתִּגְנֹ֣ב6 of 11

had stolen

H1589

to thieve (literally or figuratively); by implication, to deceive

רָחֵ֔ל7 of 11

and Rachel

H7354

rachel, a wife of jacob

אֶת8 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַתְּרָפִ֖ים9 of 11

the images

H8655

teraphim (singular or plural) a family idol

אֲשֶׁ֥ר10 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לְאָבִֽיהָ׃11 of 11

that were her father's

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 31:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 31:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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