King James Version

What Does Genesis 11:13 Mean?

Genesis 11:13 in the King James Version says “And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.” — study this verse from Genesis chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.”

Genesis 11:13 · KJV

Context

11

And Shem lived after he begat Arphaxad five hundred years, and begat sons and daughters.

12

And Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and begat Salah:

13

And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.

14

And Salah lived thirty years, and begat Eber:

15

And Salah lived after he begat Eber four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.

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Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.... This passage belongs to the primeval history section (Genesis 1-11) which establishes universal truths about God, humanity, sin, and divine purposes before focusing on Abraham and Israel. These chapters answer fundamental questions about human origins, the spread of wickedness, God's judgment, and the preservation of a righteous remnant.

Recurring patterns emerge: human sin escalating from individual disobedience to societal corruption, divine patience followed by judgment, gracious preservation of a remnant, and covenant promises ensuring redemptive purposes continue. The genealogies connect historical persons, demonstrate the fulfillment of divine promises (blessing and multiplication), and trace the line leading to Abraham and ultimately Christ.

Key theological themes in this section include: (1) sin's destructive progression affecting all humanity; (2) God's righteous judgment while preserving mercy; (3) human pride and autonomy opposing divine sovereignty; (4) cultural development as both blessing and potential idolatry; (5) God's sovereign plan advancing despite human rebellion. These narratives provide the necessary context for understanding God's calling of Abraham and the covenant promises through which all nations will be blessed.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The primeval history (Genesis 1-11) parallels ancient Near Eastern traditions including Sumerian King Lists (pre-flood longevity), Akkadian flood traditions (Atrahasis, Gilgamesh), and Mesopotamian city foundation myths. However, Genesis demythologizes these traditions, presenting monotheistic history rather than polytheistic mythology. The genealogies connecting Adam to Noah to Abraham provide historical framework absent in pagan myths.

Archaeological evidence confirms ancient urbanization (chapter 4's cities), agricultural development, metallurgy, and musical instruments emerging in Mesopotamia's early history. The Babel account reflects Mesopotamian ziggurat construction (stepped pyramid temples), particularly in Babylon. Linguistic diversity requiring explanation was obvious to ancient peoples, making the Babel narrative culturally relevant.

For Israel in covenant with Yahweh, these chapters explained their relationship to surrounding nations. All peoples descended from Noah, but Israel descended from Shem through Abraham—chosen for blessing all nations. The flood demonstrated God's justice and mercy: judging wickedness while preserving the righteous. This pattern would recur throughout Israel's history, assuring them that God's covenant faithfulness endures despite judgment on the wicked.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse deepen our understanding of God's character and His relationship with creation?
  2. How should this truth about Abrahamic Line shape our daily decisions and priorities?
  3. What connections can we trace from this verse to Jesus' life, death, and resurrection?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַיְחִ֣י1 of 14

“lived”

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

אַרְפַּכְשַׁ֗ד2 of 14

“And Arphaxad”

H775

arpakshad, a son of noah; also the region settled by him

אַֽחֲרֵי֙3 of 14

“after”

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

וַיּ֥וֹלֶד4 of 14

“and begat”

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

אֶת5 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שֶׁ֔לַח6 of 14

“Salah”

H7974

shelach, a postdiluvian patriarch

שָׁלֹ֣שׁ7 of 14

“and three”

H7969

three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice

שָׁנָ֑ה8 of 14

“years”

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

וְאַרְבַּ֥ע9 of 14

“four”

H702

four

מֵא֖וֹת10 of 14

“hundred”

H3967

a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction

שָׁנָ֑ה11 of 14

“years”

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

וַיּ֥וֹלֶד12 of 14

“and begat”

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

בָּנִ֖ים13 of 14

“sons”

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

וּבָנֽוֹת׃14 of 14

“and daughters”

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 11:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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