King James Version

What Does Exodus 19:23 Mean?

Exodus 19:23 in the King James Version says “And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about ... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it.

Exodus 19:23 · KJV


Context

21

And the LORD said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish. charge: Heb. contest

22

And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them.

23

And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it.

24

And the LORD said unto him, Away, get thee down, and thou shalt come up, thou, and Aaron with thee: but let not the priests and the people break through to come up unto the LORD, lest he break forth upon them.

25

So Moses went down unto the people, and spake unto them.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it.

Moses respectfully reminds God of His own command—modeling faithful leadership that implements divine directives. The phrase 'cannot come up' (לֹא יוּכְלוּ, lo yukhelu) means 'are unable'—not defiant refusal but appropriate restraint. Moses essentially says 'We've followed Your instructions; the boundaries are set.' This shows Moses as neither presumptuous (acting without orders) nor negligent (ignoring commands). The double imperative 'set bounds and sanctify' (הַגְבֵּל וְקִדַּשְׁתּוֹ, hagbel vequddashto) recalls Moses' faithful execution of God's will. This exchange reveals God's purpose: not providing new information but reinforcing crucial warnings. The repetition underscores life-or-death importance.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Moses' response demonstrates the prophetic role—speaking both to people on God's behalf and to God on people's behalf. His reminder to God is not irreverent but reflects covenant dialogue between LORD and mediator.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Moses' reminder to God about His own commands teach about faithful leadership?
  2. Why does God repeat warnings that have already been given and obeyed?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
לֵאמֹ֔ר1 of 20

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

מֹשֶׁה֙2 of 20

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

אֶל3 of 20
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

יְהוָ֔ה4 of 20

unto the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

לֹֽא5 of 20
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יוּכַ֣ל6 of 20

cannot

H3201

to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)

הָעָ֔ם7 of 20

The people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

לַֽעֲלֹ֖ת8 of 20

come up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

אֶל9 of 20
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הָהָ֖ר10 of 20

about the mount

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

סִינָ֑י11 of 20

Sinai

H5514

sinai, mountain of arabia

כִּֽי12 of 20
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אַתָּ֞ה13 of 20
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

הַֽעֵדֹ֤תָה14 of 20

for thou chargedst

H5749

to duplicate or repeat; by implication, to protest, testify (as by reiteration); intensively, to encompass, restore (as a sort of reduplication)

בָּ֙נוּ֙15 of 20
H0
לֵאמֹ֔ר16 of 20

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

הַגְבֵּ֥ל17 of 20

Set bounds

H1379

properly, to twist as a rope; to bound (as by a line)

אֶת18 of 20
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הָהָ֖ר19 of 20

about the mount

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

וְקִדַּשְׁתּֽוֹ׃20 of 20

and sanctify

H6942

to be (causatively, make, pronounce or observe as) clean (ceremonially or morally)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 19:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 19:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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