King James Version

What Does Exodus 12:4 Mean?

Exodus 12:4 in the King James Version says “And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the ... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.

Exodus 12:4 · KJV


Context

2

This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.

3

Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: lamb: or, kid

4

And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.

5

Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: of: Heb. son of a year

6

And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. in: Heb. between the two evenings


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The proportional allocation ('according to his eating') demonstrates God's concern for practical provision—neither waste nor want. The Hebrew 'mikhsat' (מִכְסַת) means a reckoning or counting, requiring families to calculate their needs. This communal sharing prefigures both the church's fellowship meals and the Lord's Supper where all partake equally.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Small families in ancient Israel would naturally join with neighbors for major meals. This provision ensured no household was excluded from Passover due to size.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the principle of 'according to eating' guard against both excess and exclusion in Christian fellowship?
  2. In what ways can you share spiritual blessings with those whose 'households are too small' to partake alone?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
וְאִם1 of 19
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

יִמְעַ֣ט2 of 19

too little

H4591

properly, to pare off, i.e., lessen; intransitively, to be (or causatively, to make) small or few (or figuratively, ineffective)

בֵּית֖וֹ3 of 19

And if the household

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

מִֽהְי֣וֹת4 of 19

be

H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

הַשֶּֽׂה׃5 of 19

for the lamb

H7716

a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat

וְלָקַ֣ח6 of 19

take

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

ה֗וּא7 of 19
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

וּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹ8 of 19

let him and his neighbour

H7934

a resident; by extension, a fellow-citizen

הַקָּרֹ֥ב9 of 19

next

H7138

near (in place, kindred or time)

אֶל10 of 19
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

בֵּית֖וֹ11 of 19

And if the household

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

בְּמִכְסַ֣ת12 of 19

it according to the number

H4373

an enumeration; by implication, a valuation

נְפָשֹׁ֑ת13 of 19

of the souls

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

אִ֚ישׁ14 of 19

every man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

לְפִ֣י15 of 19

according

H6310

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos

אָכְל֔וֹ16 of 19

to his eating

H400

food

תָּכֹ֖סּוּ17 of 19

shall make your count

H3699

to estimate

עַל18 of 19
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הַשֶּֽׂה׃19 of 19

for the lamb

H7716

a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 12:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study