King James Version

What Does Esther 9:21 Mean?

Esther 9:21 in the King James Version says “To stablish this among them, that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the sa... — study this verse from Esther chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

To stablish this among them, that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly ,

Esther 9:21 · KJV


Context

19

Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.

20

And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far,

21

To stablish this among them, that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly ,

22

As the days wherein the Jews rested from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to joy, and from mourning into a good day: that they should make them days of feasting and joy, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor.

23

And the Jews undertook to do as they had begun, and as Mordecai had written unto them;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
To stablish this among them, that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly, Mordecai's letters establish Purim as an annual festival, institutionalizing the remembrance of Jewish deliverance. The verb "to stablish" (l'kayeim, לְקַיֵּם) means "to establish," "to confirm," or "to make permanent." The root qum (קוּם) suggests causing something to stand or endure—Mordecai ensures this deliverance won't fade from memory but will remain part of Jewish identity and calendar permanently.

The two-day celebration—"the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day" (yom arba'ah asar l'chodesh Adar ve'yom chamishah asar bo, יוֹם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר לְחֹדֶשׁ אֲדָר וְיוֹם חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ)—reflects different experiences in Shushan versus the provinces. Provincial Jews fought and rested on the 14th, celebrating on that date. Shushan Jews fought both the 13th and 14th, resting and celebrating on the 15th (v. 17-18). Mordecai institutionalizes both dates so all Jews commemorate together, though with awareness of varying local experiences.

The word "yearly" (shanah v'shanah, שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה, literally "year by year") establishes perpetual observance. This wasn't a one-time celebration but permanent addition to the Jewish calendar. Unlike the Mosaic festivals given at Sinai, Purim originated from historical deliverance during the exile. Yet Mordecai's authority and the community's affirmation made it binding nonetheless—demonstrating that God's ongoing providential acts create legitimate bases for worship and remembrance.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Purim remains one of Judaism's most joyously celebrated festivals to this day, fulfilling Mordecai's intention that it be observed "year by year." The festival's establishment during the post-exilic period demonstrates developing Jewish religious practice responding to God's ongoing activity, not just ancient Mosaic legislation. The dual-date observance (14th and 15th of Adar) continues in modern practice, with most Jewish communities celebrating the 14th (Purim) while Jerusalem and other ancient walled cities observe the 15th (Shushan Purim).

The naming of the festival Purim (from pur, "lot," v. 24) emphasizes how God overturned Haman's lot-casting to destroy the Jews. What Haman intended as determining the Jews' destruction became the date of their deliverance. This reversal theme—central to Esther's theology—is embedded in the festival's very name. Annual celebration ensures each generation learns how God sovereignly controls what appears to be random chance.

Mordecai's authority to establish a religious festival demonstrates the respect accorded to him as both governmental official (10:3) and spiritual leader. The Jewish community's acceptance of this festival (9:23, 27-28) shows their recognition that God's deliverance warranted permanent commemoration comparable to Passover or other biblical festivals.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the establishment of Purim demonstrate that God's ongoing providential acts in history deserve permanent remembrance and celebration?
  2. What spiritual disciplines or practices help believers remember and celebrate God's deliverances in personal and corporate history?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
לְקַיֵּם֮1 of 18

To stablish

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

עֲלֵיהֶם֒2 of 18
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

לִֽהְי֣וֹת3 of 18
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

עֹשִׂ֗ים4 of 18

this among them that they should keep

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

אֵ֠ת5 of 18
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יוֹם6 of 18

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

אַרְבָּעָ֤ה7 of 18

the fourteenth

H702

four

עָשָׂר֙8 of 18
H6240

ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth

לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ9 of 18

of the month

H2320

the new moon; by implication, a month

אֲדָ֔ר10 of 18

Adar

H143

adar, the 12th hebrew month

וְאֵ֛ת11 of 18
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יוֹם12 of 18

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה13 of 18

and the fifteenth

H2568

five

עָשָׂ֖ר14 of 18
H6240

ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth

בּ֑וֹ15 of 18
H0
בְּכָל16 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

וְשָׁנָֽה׃17 of 18

of the same yearly

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

וְשָׁנָֽה׃18 of 18

of the same yearly

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Esther. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Esther 9:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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