King James Version

What Does Esther 3:14 Mean?

Esther 3:14 in the King James Version says “The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, that they should ... — study this verse from Esther chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, that they should be ready against that day.

Esther 3:14 · KJV


Context

12

Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded unto the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring. scribes: or, secretaries

13

And the letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.

14

The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, that they should be ready against that day.

15

The posts went out, being hastened by the king's commandment, and the decree was given in Shushan the palace. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city Shushan was perplexed.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, that they should be ready against that day. The decree was published empire-wide, commanding readiness for the thirteenth of Adar. The phrase "published unto all people" ensured everyone knew the date and authorization for destroying Jews. This public proclamation served multiple purposes: it gave legal cover for the pogrom, created anticipation and fear, and demonstrated royal authority. For Jews, the published decree meant existential terror—their destruction was now legal, scheduled, and unavoidable (due to Persian law's immutability). Yet this very publication would also enable Jewish counter-organization when the second decree came (chapter 8). The public nature of the threat meant the deliverance would also be public and undeniable.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Public proclamation of decrees was standard practice in ancient empires. Town criers, posted notices, and official communications ensured all subjects knew the law. The phrase "be ready against that day" meant provinces should prepare for the pogrom—gathering weapons, identifying Jewish communities, and organizing for violence. This created a countdown of terror for Jews throughout the empire. The eleven-month gap between decree (Nisan, first month) and execution (Adar, twelfth month) gave time for preparation but also for God's counter-plan. Archaeological evidence shows ancient Near Eastern kingdoms used public proclamations to mobilize populations for war, taxation, or other state purposes—here perverted to organize genocide.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the public nature of the threat demonstrate that God's deliverance often comes in response to publicly visible, apparently unstoppable danger?
  2. What does the published decree teach about how evil operates openly when it feels secure in legal and institutional support?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן1 of 14

The copy

H6572

a transcript

הַכְּתָ֗ב2 of 14

of the writing

H3791

something written, i.e., a writing, record or book

לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן3 of 14

to be given

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

דָּת֙4 of 14

for a commandment

H1881

a royal edict or statute

בְּכָל5 of 14
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

וּמְדִינָ֔ה6 of 14

in every province

H4082

properly, a judgeship, i.e., jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region

וּמְדִינָ֔ה7 of 14

in every province

H4082

properly, a judgeship, i.e., jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region

גָּל֖וּי8 of 14

was published

H1540

to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal

לְכָל9 of 14
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָֽעַמִּ֑ים10 of 14

unto all people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

לִֽהְי֥וֹת11 of 14
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

עֲתִדִ֖ים12 of 14

that they should be ready

H6264

prepared; by implication, skilful; feminine plural the future; also treasure

לַיּ֥וֹם13 of 14

against that day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַזֶּֽה׃14 of 14
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Esther. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Esther 3:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Esther 3:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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