King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 9:1 Mean?

Deuteronomy 9:1 in the King James Version says “Hear, O Israel: Thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to possess nations greater and mightier than thyself, ci... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Hear, O Israel: Thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to possess nations greater and mightier than thyself, cities great and fenced up to heaven,

Deuteronomy 9:1 · KJV


Context

1

Hear, O Israel: Thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to possess nations greater and mightier than thyself, cities great and fenced up to heaven,

2

A people great and tall, the children of the Anakims, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard say, Who can stand before the children of Anak!

3

Understand therefore this day, that the LORD thy God is he which goeth over before thee; as a consuming fire he shall destroy them, and he shall bring them down before thy face: so shalt thou drive them out, and destroy them quickly, as the LORD hath said unto thee.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The call 'Hear, O Israel' (Shema Yisrael) demands attention to crucial truth. 'Thou art to pass over Jordan this day' emphasizes immediacy and certainty. The nations are 'greater and mightier than thyself,' with fortified cities 'walled up to heaven' (hyperbolic language emphasizing impossibility from human perspective). This sets up the chapter's theme: victory comes from God's power, not Israel's worthiness or strength. The conquest isn't reward for righteousness but execution of God's judgment on Canaanite wickedness (v. 4-5). This humble perspective prevents pride and acknowledges grace—a principle continuing in the New Testament where salvation is 'not of works, lest any man should boast' (Ephesians 2:9).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Spoken on the plains of Moab just before Jordan crossing (circa 1406 BC traditional dating), this address prepared Israel psychologically and spiritually for conquest. The Canaanite city-states possessed superior military technology (iron chariots, fortified cities) and established armies. From human calculation, conquest was impossible—Israel had no siege equipment, limited iron weaponry, and were recently-liberated slaves. Archaeological evidence confirms the formidable nature of Canaanite defenses (Jericho's walls, Hazor's fortifications). God deliberately set impossible odds to demonstrate that victory was His gift, not their achievement.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'impossible' challenges are you facing that require acknowledging dependence on God's power rather than your own ability?
  2. How does pride in past successes tempt you to approach current challenges in your own strength?
  3. In what ways does recognizing that spiritual victory is God's gift rather than human achievement transform your approach to Christian living?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
שְׁמַ֣ע1 of 17

Hear

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל2 of 17

O Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

אַתָּ֨ה3 of 17
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

עֹבֵ֤ר4 of 17

Thou art to pass over

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

הַיּוֹם֙5 of 17

this day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

אֶת6 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן7 of 17

Jordan

H3383

jarden, the principal river of palestine

לָבֹא֙8 of 17

to go in

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

לָרֶ֣שֶׁת9 of 17

to possess

H3423

to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish

גּוֹיִ֔ם10 of 17

nations

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

גְּדֹלֹ֥ת11 of 17

great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

וַֽעֲצֻמִ֖ים12 of 17

and mightier

H6099

powerful (specifically, a paw); by implication, numerous

מִמֶּ֑ךָּ13 of 17
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

עָרִ֛ים14 of 17

than thyself cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

גְּדֹלֹ֥ת15 of 17

great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

וּבְצֻרֹ֖ת16 of 17

and fenced up

H1219

to gather grapes; also to be isolated (i.e., inaccessible by height or fortification)

בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃17 of 17

to heaven

H8064

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 9:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 9:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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