King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 28:18 Mean?

Deuteronomy 28:18 in the King James Version says “Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep.

Deuteronomy 28:18 · KJV


Context

16

Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field.

17

Cursed shall be thy basket and thy store.

18

Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep.

19

Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out.

20

The LORD shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke, in all that thou settest thine hand unto for to do, until thou be destroyed, and until thou perish quickly; because of the wickedness of thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken me. for: Heb. which thou wouldest do


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep—This verse reverses the Abrahamic covenant's core promises: offspring and land (Genesis 12:2, 7; 17:2-8). The Hebrew peri-vitnekha (פְּרִי־בִטְנְךָ, fruit of your womb) parallels peri-admatekha (פְּרִי־אַדְמָתֶךָ, fruit of your ground), linking human fertility to agricultural productivity—both proceed from God's blessing and both fail under curse. The mention of shegar-alaphekha (שְׁגַר־אֲלָפֶיךָ, increase of your cattle) and ashtarot tsonekha (עַשְׁתְּרוֹת צֹאנֶךָ, flocks of your sheep) covers livestock reproduction, completing the picture of comprehensive barrenness.

The term ashtarot for sheep flocks is particularly striking—it uses the plural form of Ashtoreth, the Canaanite fertility goddess. This may be deliberate irony: Israelites who worship fertility deities will experience infertility as judgment. Only Yahweh controls reproduction and productivity; false gods are impotent. The curse attacks the three foundations of ancient agrarian wealth: children (labor, inheritance, legacy), crops (sustenance), and livestock (wealth, trade, sacrifice). Without these, covenant community cannot sustain itself generationally.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern peoples measured prosperity primarily through children, crops, and livestock—exactly what verse 18 curses. Childlessness was considered divine judgment (1 Samuel 1:5-6; Luke 1:25); crop failure meant famine; livestock disease meant economic ruin. Israel's history repeatedly validated this curse: the exile decimated population and disrupted family lines; agricultural failures plagued disobedient periods (Haggai 1:6, 9-11); and livestock diseases appear in prophetic judgments (Exodus 9:3-6; Zechariah 14:15). The connection between human and agricultural fertility reflects ancient covenant theology where land and people exist in symbiotic relationship under God's sovereign blessing or curse.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the parallel between human fertility and land productivity reveal the interconnection between covenant obedience and creation's flourishing?
  2. What does the ironic use of 'ashtarot' (related to fertility goddess worship) teach about the futility of false gods?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
אָר֥וּר1 of 9

Cursed

H779

to execrate

וּפְרִ֣י2 of 9

and the fruit

H6529

fruit (literally or figuratively)

בִטְנְךָ֖3 of 9

of thy body

H990

the belly, especially the womb; also the bosom or body of anything

וּפְרִ֣י4 of 9

and the fruit

H6529

fruit (literally or figuratively)

אַדְמָתֶ֑ךָ5 of 9

of thy land

H127

soil (from its general redness)

שְׁגַ֥ר6 of 9

the increase

H7698

the ftus (as finally expelled)

אֲלָפֶ֖יךָ7 of 9

of thy kine

H504

a family; also (from the sense of yoking or taming) an ox or cow

וְעַשְׁתְּרֹ֥ת8 of 9

and the flocks

H6251

increase

צֹאנֶֽךָ׃9 of 9

of thy sheep

H6629

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 28:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 28:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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