King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 28:19 Mean?

Deuteronomy 28:19 in the King James Version says “Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out.

Deuteronomy 28:19 · KJV


Context

17

Cursed shall be thy basket and thy store.

18

Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep.

19

Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out.

20

The LORD shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke, in all that thou settest thine hand unto for to do, until thou be destroyed, and until thou perish quickly; because of the wickedness of thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken me. for: Heb. which thou wouldest do

21

The LORD shall make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until he have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest to possess it.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Cursed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out—The Hebrew bevo'ekha (בְּבֹאֶךָ, when you come in) and uvetse'tekha (וּבְצֵאתֶךָ, when you go out) form a merism encompassing all activities and movements. This construction appears in blessing contexts as well (Psalm 121:8; Deuteronomy 28:6), indicating comprehensive divine oversight of daily life. Under curse, no journey succeeds, no homecoming brings rest, no enterprise prospers—whether going out to work, war, or worship, or returning home from any endeavor.

The phrase may also allude to military campaigns (going out to battle, returning in victory or defeat—see verse 25's elaboration) and civic activity (entering city gates for commerce or justice). Some scholars see connection to birth (coming into life) and death (going out of life), suggesting curse affects one's entire lifespan. The comprehensive formula means covenant violators find no refuge in any circumstance—activity or rest, public or private, beginning or ending. This contrasts sharply with verse 6's blessing on coming in and going out, showing that the same activities yield opposite results depending on covenant faithfulness.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israelites lived communal, public lives centered around city gates (where legal/commercial transactions occurred) and fields (where agricultural labor happened). 'Coming in' and 'going out' described the daily rhythm of work and rest, public and domestic life. Military contexts used this language for deploying to battle and returning (Joshua 14:11; 1 Samuel 29:6). Under covenant curse, Israel experienced failed military campaigns (Judges 2:14-15), unsuccessful harvests despite labor (Haggai 1:6), and dangerous travel conditions. The phrase's comprehensiveness mirrors ancient Near Eastern treaty curse formulae, where vassal rebellion resulted in comprehensive judgment.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the 'coming in/going out' pattern show that covenant relationship affects every transition and activity in life?
  2. In what ways do you experience God's blessing or discipline in both your daily departures and returns?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
וְאָר֥וּר1 of 6

Cursed

H779

to execrate

אַתָּ֖ה2 of 6
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

בְּבֹאֶ֑ךָ3 of 6

shalt thou be when thou comest in

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

וְאָר֥וּר4 of 6

Cursed

H779

to execrate

אַתָּ֖ה5 of 6
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

בְּצֵאתֶֽךָ׃6 of 6

shalt thou be when thou goest out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 28:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 28:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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