King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 25:5 Mean?

Deuteronomy 25:5 in the King James Version says “If brethren dwell together, and one of them die, and have no child, the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a ... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 25 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If brethren dwell together, and one of them die, and have no child, the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger : her husband's brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to wife, and perform the duty of an husband's brother unto her. her husband's: or, her next kinsman

Deuteronomy 25:5 · KJV


Context

3

Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed: lest, if he should exceed, and beat him above these with many stripes, then thy brother should seem vile unto thee.

4

Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn. treadeth: Heb. thresheth

5

If brethren dwell together, and one of them die, and have no child, the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger : her husband's brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to wife, and perform the duty of an husband's brother unto her. her husband's: or, her next kinsman

6

And it shall be, that the firstborn which she beareth shall succeed in the name of his brother which is dead, that his name be not put out of Israel.

7

And if the man like not to take his brother's wife, then let his brother's wife go up to the gate unto the elders, and say, My husband's brother refuseth to raise up unto his brother a name in Israel, he will not perform the duty of my husband's brother. brother's: or, next kinsman's


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If brethren dwell together, and one of them die, and have no child—the Hebrew yabam (יָבָם) gives its name to this practice: 'levirate marriage' (from Latin levir, 'brother-in-law'). The wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger—she couldn't marry outside the family while the brother-in-law lived. Her husband's brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to wife—the surviving brother had first obligation to marry the widow and raise children in his deceased brother's name, preserving both the family line and the widow's security.

This law protected widows from destitution in a society where women couldn't inherit land, while ensuring deceased men's names and property rights continued. The firstborn son of the levirate union would legally be the dead brother's heir, inheriting his portion. The practice appears earlier with Judah's sons and Tamar (Genesis 38) and later with Ruth and Boaz (Ruth 3-4), where Boaz acted as kinsman-redeemer, extending the principle beyond literal brothers.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Given circa 1406 BC as part of family law in preparation for settled life in Canaan. Levirate marriage existed in various ancient Near Eastern cultures (Hittite, Assyrian codes), but Israel's version uniquely prioritized the deceased's name and inheritance rather than merely the survivor's interests. The practice presumed patrilineal land inheritance, extended family dwelling proximity, and strong clan identity—conditions met in agricultural Canaan but not nomadic wandering.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does levirate marriage reveal God's concern for both family continuity and vulnerable widows?
  2. In what ways does Boaz as kinsman-redeemer in Ruth's story typify Christ's redemptive work?
  3. What modern structures protect widows' dignity and economic security as this law intended?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 24 words
כִּֽי1 of 24
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יֵשְׁב֨וּ2 of 24

dwell

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

אַחִ֜ים3 of 24

If brethren

H251

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

יַחְדָּ֗ו4 of 24

together

H3162

properly, a unit, i.e., (adverb) unitedly

הַמֵּ֛ת5 of 24

of the dead

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

אַחַ֤ד6 of 24

and one

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

מֵהֶם֙7 of 24
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

וּבֵ֣ן8 of 24

and have no child

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

אֵֽין9 of 24
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

ל֔וֹ10 of 24
H0
לֹֽא11 of 24
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִהְיֶ֧ה12 of 24
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לְאִשָּׁ֖ה13 of 24

her to him to wife

H802

a woman

הַמֵּ֛ת14 of 24

of the dead

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

הַח֖וּצָה15 of 24

shall not marry without

H2351

properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors

לְאִ֣ישׁ16 of 24

unto a stranger

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

זָ֑ר17 of 24
H2114

to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery

יְבָמָהּ֙18 of 24

her husband's brother

H2993

a brotherin-law

יָבֹ֣א19 of 24

shall go in

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

עָלֶ֔יהָ20 of 24
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

וּלְקָחָ֥הּ21 of 24

unto her and take

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

ל֛וֹ22 of 24
H0
לְאִשָּׁ֖ה23 of 24

her to him to wife

H802

a woman

וְיִבְּמָֽהּ׃24 of 24

and perform the duty of an husband's brother

H2992

to marry a (deceased) brother's widow


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 25:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 25:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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