King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 17:16 Mean?

Deuteronomy 17:16 in the King James Version says “But he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt, to the end that he should multiply... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt, to the end that he should multiply horses: forasmuch as the LORD hath said unto you, Ye shall henceforth return no more that way.

Deuteronomy 17:16 · KJV


Context

14

When thou art come unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, and shalt possess it, and shalt dwell therein, and shalt say, I will set a king over me, like as all the nations that are about me;

15

Thou shalt in any wise set him king over thee, whom the LORD thy God shall choose: one from among thy brethren shalt thou set king over thee: thou mayest not set a stranger over thee, which is not thy brother.

16

But he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt, to the end that he should multiply horses: forasmuch as the LORD hath said unto you, Ye shall henceforth return no more that way.

17

Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away: neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and gold.

18

And it shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write him a copy of this law in a book out of that which is before the priests the Levites:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But he shall not multiply horses to himself (לֹא־יַרְבֶּה־לּוֹ סוּסִים, lo-yarbeh-lo susim)—horses symbolized military might and Egyptian-style chariot warfare. Yarbeh (multiply) means accumulate excessively. God forbids royal militarism that trusts in armaments rather than divine protection.

Nor cause the people to return to Egypt identifies the deeper issue: horses came from Egypt, and acquiring them meant Egyptian alliances, trade relationships, and cultural influence. Egypt represents the world system, slavery, and false security. Returning to Egypt—physically or spiritually—reverses the exodus. Isaiah 31:1-3 denounces this exact sin: 'Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots.' Solomon spectacularly violated this command (1 Kings 10:26-29), accumulating 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horsemen, with Egyptian trade relationships that contributed to his apostasy.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In ancient Near Eastern warfare (circa 1400-1000 BCE), horses and chariots represented cutting-edge military technology, particularly associated with Egypt and later the Hittites. Israel entered Canaan as infantry; God's strategy was faith-based warfare (Joshua 11:6-9 specifically commands hamstringing captured horses). Deuteronomy 17:14-20 restricts kingship three ways: military power (horses), political alliances (wives), and economic wealth (gold/silver). Moses anticipates monarchy's temptations 200 years before Saul's anointing. Solomon's violation of all three restrictions led directly to the kingdom's division (1 Kings 11-12).

Reflection Questions

  1. What modern equivalents to 'multiplying horses' tempt God's people to trust in human strength rather than divine provision?
  2. How does pursuing worldly security and alliances represent a spiritual 'return to Egypt'?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 22 words
רַק֮1 of 22
H7535

properly, leanness, i.e., (figuratively) limitation; only adverbial, merely, or conjunctional, although

לֹֽא2 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

הַרְבּ֣וֹת3 of 22

But he shall not multiply

H7235

to increase (in whatever respect)

לּ֣וֹ4 of 22
H0
ס֑וּס5 of 22

horses

H5483

a horse (as leaping)

וְלֹֽא6 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

לָשׁ֛וּב7 of 22

return

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אֶת8 of 22
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הָעָם֙9 of 22

to himself nor cause the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

מִצְרַ֔יְמָה10 of 22

to Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

לְמַ֖עַן11 of 22
H4616

properly, heed, i.e., purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that

הַרְבּ֣וֹת12 of 22

But he shall not multiply

H7235

to increase (in whatever respect)

ס֑וּס13 of 22

horses

H5483

a horse (as leaping)

וַֽיהוָה֙14 of 22

forasmuch as the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אָמַ֣ר15 of 22

hath said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לָכֶ֔ם16 of 22
H0
לֹ֣א17 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תֹֽסִפ֗וּן18 of 22

unto you Ye shall henceforth

H3254

to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)

לָשׁ֛וּב19 of 22

return

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

בַּדֶּ֥רֶךְ20 of 22

no more that way

H1870

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

הַזֶּ֖ה21 of 22
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

עֽוֹד׃22 of 22
H5750

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 17:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 17:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study