King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 13:9 Mean?

Deuteronomy 13:9 in the King James Version says “But thou shalt surely kill him; thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterwards the hand of all t... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But thou shalt surely kill him; thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterwards the hand of all the people.

Deuteronomy 13:9 · KJV


Context

7

Namely, of the gods of the people which are round about you, nigh unto thee, or far off from thee, from the one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth;

8

Thou shalt not consent unto him, nor hearken unto him; neither shall thine eye pity him, neither shalt thou spare, neither shalt thou conceal him:

9

But thou shalt surely kill him; thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterwards the hand of all the people.

10

And thou shalt stone him with stones, that he die; because he hath sought to thrust thee away from the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage. bondage: Heb. bondmen

11

And all Israel shall hear, and fear, and shall do no more any such wickedness as this is among you.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The judgment: 'But thou shalt surely kill him; thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterwards the hand of all the people.' The Hebrew doubling harog taharog (הָרֹג תַּהֲרֹגֶנּוּ, 'kill, you shall kill') emphasizes certainty. Shockingly, the family member discovering apostasy must initiate execution—'thine hand shall be first.' This prevents false accusations (you wouldn't casually accuse family to death) while demanding ultimate covenant loyalty. The 'hand of all the people' indicates community participation, distributing responsibility and preventing vendetta. This corporate execution maintained covenant purity and deterred apostasy. The severity reflects spiritual death's horror exceeding physical death.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Old Testament records few cases of this law's application, possibly because threat deterred apostasy or because enforcement was lax. Achan's family died with him for covenant violation (Joshua 7:24-25). Under theocracy, civil authorities enforced religious law. New Testament separation of church and state means church discipline, not civil execution, addresses apostasy (Matthew 18:15-17; 1 Corinthians 5:11-13). However, divine judgment on Ananias and Sapphira (Acts 5:1-11) shows God still takes covenant violation seriously, executing judgment directly when appropriate.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do we understand Old Testament capital punishment for religious crimes in relation to New Testament church discipline?
  2. What does the severity of this command teach about how seriously God views idolatry?
  3. How should churches handle members who abandon core doctrines or lead others astray?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
כִּ֤י1 of 12
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

תַּֽהַרְגֶ֔נּוּ2 of 12

But thou shalt surely

H2026

to smite with deadly intent

תַּֽהַרְגֶ֔נּוּ3 of 12

But thou shalt surely

H2026

to smite with deadly intent

וְיַ֥ד4 of 12

him thine hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

תִּֽהְיֶה5 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בּ֥וֹ6 of 12
H0
בָרִֽאשׁוֹנָ֖ה7 of 12

shall be first

H7223

first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)

לַֽהֲמִית֑וֹ8 of 12

upon him to put him to death

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

וְיַ֥ד9 of 12

him thine hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

כָּל10 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָעָ֖ם11 of 12

of all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

בָּאַֽחֲרֹנָֽה׃12 of 12

and afterwards

H314

hinder; generally, late or last; specifically (as facing the east) western


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 13:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 13:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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