King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 5:18 Mean?

2 Samuel 5:18 in the King James Version says “The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.

2 Samuel 5:18 · KJV


Context

16

And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphalet.

17

But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David; and David heard of it, and went down to the hold.

18

The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.

19

And David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up to the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said unto David, Go up: for I will doubtless deliver the Philistines into thine hand.

20

And David came to Baalperazim, and David smote them there, and said, The LORD hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. Therefore he called the name of that place Baalperazim. Baalperazim: that is, the plain of breaches


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Israel, emphasizing God establishing His chosen king. David's anointing as king over all Israel fulfills promises made years earlier (1 Samuel 16:13). The conquest of Jerusalem and establishment of it as capital demonstrates God's blessing. Military victories over Philistines show divine enablement. Theological themes include God's faithfulness to promises, the importance of proper locations for worship, and divine empowerment for tasks God assigns.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 5 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding God establishing His chosen king provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of God establishing His chosen king?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 5 words
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים1 of 5

The Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

בָּ֑אוּ2 of 5

also came

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

וַיִּנָּֽטְשׁ֖וּ3 of 5

and spread

H5203

properly, to pound, i.e., smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusive

בְּעֵ֥מֶק4 of 5

themselves in the valley

H6010

a vale (i.e., broad depression)

רְפָאִֽים׃5 of 5

of Rephaim

H7497

a giant


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 5:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 5:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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