King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 23:31 Mean?

2 Samuel 23:31 in the King James Version says “Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,” — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,”

2 Samuel 23:31 · KJV

Context

29

Heleb the son of Baanah, a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin,

30

Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash, brooks: or, valleys

31

Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,

32

Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,

33

Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,

Read 2 Samuel 23 full chapter

Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Abi-albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,

This verse contributes to the narrative of Last Words and Mighty Men, emphasizing legacy, faithful servants. David's last words emphasize the eternal covenant God established (v. 5) and declare principles of righteous rule. The accounts of David's mighty men demonstrate extraordinary courage and devotion. The water-drawing incident reveals David's unwillingness to value his comfort above his soldiers' lives. Theological themes include the importance of final testimonies, the eternal nature of God's covenant, the value of faithful servants, and the necessity of sacrificial leadership.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 23 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding legacy, faithful servants provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of legacy, faithful servants?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 5 words
אֲבִֽי1 of 5
H0
עַלְבוֹן֙2 of 5

“Abialbon”

H45

abialbon, an israelite

הָֽעַרְבָתִ֔י3 of 5

“the Arbathite”

H6164

an arbathite or inhabitant of (beth-)arabah

עַזְמָ֖וֶת4 of 5

“Azmaveth”

H5820

azmaveth, the name of three israelites and of a place in palestine

הַבַּרְחֻמִֽי׃5 of 5

“the Barhumite”

H1273

a barchumite, or native of bachurim

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 23:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 23:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

2 Samuel 3:161 Chronicles 11:32-33

Places in This Verse

ArabahRegion · Modern: Arabah · 30.42°N, 35.15°E26 verses across 10 books
BahurimSettlement · Modern: Ras Tumeim · 31.79°N, 35.26°E7 verses across 3 books
View all places in 2 Samuel 23 →

Test Your Knowledge

2 Samuel 23 QuizTest your knowledge of this chapter2 Samuel Book QuizComprehensive quiz for the entire book

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