King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 20:18 Mean?

1 Samuel 20:18 in the King James Version says “Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty. empty:... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty. empty: Heb. missed

1 Samuel 20:18 · KJV


Context

16

So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies. made: Heb. cut

17

And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul. because: or, by his love toward him

18

Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty. empty: Heb. missed

19

And when thou hast stayed three days, then thou shalt go down quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel. quickly: or, diligently: Heb. greatly when the: Heb. in the day of the business Ezel: or, that sheweth the way

20

And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though I shot at a mark.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty.

Jonathan's statement 'thy seat will be empty' acknowledges David's established position at the royal table. The empty seat would force Saul to notice David's absence and reveal his response. The phrase 'thou shalt be missed' (paqad, to visit/attend to) indicates both David's importance and the test's mechanism. Sometimes absence speaks more clearly than presence. David's empty seat would provoke Saul to reveal what he concealed when David was present.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Fixed seating arrangements at royal feasts reflected status and favor. David's assigned seat indicated his honored position in the court. Absence from required royal functions demanded explanation and drew attention.

Reflection Questions

  1. When has your absence from a situation revealed others' true attitudes toward you?
  2. How can strategic withdrawal create opportunities for hidden realities to surface?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וַיֹּֽאמֶר1 of 9

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

ל֥וֹ2 of 9
H0
יְהֽוֹנָתָ֖ן3 of 9

Then Jonathan

H3083

jehonathan, the name of four israelites

מָחָ֣ר4 of 9

To morrow

H4279

properly, deferred, i.e., the morrow; usually (adverbially) tomorrow; indefinitely, hereafter

חֹ֑דֶשׁ5 of 9

is the new moon

H2320

the new moon; by implication, a month

יִפָּקֵ֖ד6 of 9

and thou shalt be missed

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

כִּ֥י7 of 9
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יִפָּקֵ֖ד8 of 9

and thou shalt be missed

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

מֽוֹשָׁבֶֽךָ׃9 of 9

because thy seat

H4186

a seat; figuratively, a site; abstractly, a session; by extension an abode (the place or the time); by implication, population


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 20:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 20:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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