King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 2:12 Mean?

1 Samuel 2:12 in the King James Version says “Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD.

1 Samuel 2:12 · KJV


Context

10

The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed.

11

And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did minister unto the LORD before Eli the priest.

12

Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD.

13

And the priests' custom with the people was, that, when any man offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while the flesh was in seething, with a fleshhook of three teeth in his hand;

14

And he struck it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fleshhook brought up the priest took for himself. So they did in Shiloh unto all the Israelites that came thither.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The narrator's characterization of Eli's sons is devastating: 'sons of Belial' indicates complete worthlessness and wickedness. More shocking: 'they knew not the LORD.' These are priests, officiating at Israel's central sanctuary, yet they have no personal relationship with the God they supposedly serve. The Hebrew yada' (to know) implies intimate, experiential knowledge - they performed religious duties without genuine faith. Institutional position provides no substitute for personal covenant relationship. Many who serve in religious roles may be equally devoid of true spiritual knowledge.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The title 'sons of Belial' appears throughout the Old Testament for thoroughly wicked individuals (Deuteronomy 13:13; Judges 19:22; 1 Kings 21:10). Its use for priests at the central sanctuary represents the ultimate indictment of institutional corruption.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can people be deeply involved in religious activity while not truly knowing God?
  2. What is the difference between religious performance and genuine relationship with God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
בְּנֵ֣י1 of 8

Now the sons

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

עֵלִ֖י2 of 8

of Eli

H5941

eli, an israelite highpriest

בְּנֵ֣י3 of 8

Now the sons

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

בְלִיָּ֑עַל4 of 8

of Belial

H1100

without profit, worthlessness; by extension, destruction, wickedness

לֹ֥א5 of 8
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יָֽדְע֖וּ6 of 8

they knew

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

אֶת7 of 8
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יְהוָֽה׃8 of 8

not the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 2:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 2:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study