King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 18:3 Mean?

1 Samuel 18:3 in the King James Version says “Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

1 Samuel 18:3 · KJV


Context

1

And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

2

And Saul took him that day, and would let him go no more home to his father's house.

3

Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

4

And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle.

5

And David went out whithersoever Saul sent him, and behaved himself wisely: and Saul set him over the men of war, and he was accepted in the sight of all the people, and also in the sight of Saul's servants. behaved: or, prospered


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.

The covenant between Jonathan and David formalized their soul-bond with sworn commitments. Hebrew berit (covenant) involved solemn obligations, often sealed with sacrifice and ceremonies. Jonathan's initiative in covenant-making shows he recognized David's divine destiny and willingly subordinated his own claims. This covenant would later protect David's life and shape his treatment of Jonathan's descendants.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient covenants typically involved formal ceremonies, witnesses, and symbolic actions. Political covenants between rulers or heirs were common, but this covenant arose from love rather than political calculation. Its terms would later include protection for Jonathan's house (20:14-17).

Reflection Questions

  1. What commitments strengthen your most important spiritual friendships?
  2. How does covenant love differ from friendship based on convenience or mutual benefit?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת1 of 7

made

H3772

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt

יְהֽוֹנָתָ֛ן2 of 7

Then Jonathan

H3083

jehonathan, the name of four israelites

וְדָוִ֖ד3 of 7

and David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

בְּרִ֑ית4 of 7

a covenant

H1285

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

בְּאַֽהֲבָת֥וֹ5 of 7

because he loved

H160

love

אֹת֖וֹ6 of 7
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃7 of 7

him as his own soul

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 18:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 18:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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