King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 17:8 Mean?

1 Samuel 17:8 in the King James Version says “And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? a... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me.

1 Samuel 17:8 · KJV


Context

6

And he had greaves of brass upon his legs, and a target of brass between his shoulders. target: or, gorget

7

And the staff of his spear was like a weaver's beam; and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron: and one bearing a shield went before him.

8

And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me.

9

If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be your servants: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall ye be our servants, and serve us.

10

And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me.

Goliath's taunt frames the conflict in political terms - 'servants to Saul' - missing the deeper reality that Israel served Yahweh. His proposal of representative combat offered seemingly reasonable terms, yet accepting would place Israel's fate in human hands rather than divine deliverance. The challenge 'choose you a man' exposed Israel's crisis: they had no one willing or able to face such opposition in human strength.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient treaties often imposed vassalage, with the defeated becoming 'servants' ('avadim) to victors. Goliath's terms reflected standard ancient Near Eastern diplomatic practice, where military defeat meant political subjugation and tribute obligations.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do spiritual enemies attempt to frame conflicts in purely human or political terms?
  2. What does Israel's paralysis teach about the inadequacy of human resources against spiritual opposition?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 22 words
וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד1 of 22

And he stood

H5975

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

וַיִּקְרָא֙2 of 22

and cried

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

אֶל3 of 22
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מַֽעַרְכֹ֣ת4 of 22

unto the armies

H4634

an arrangement; concretely, a pile; specifically a military array

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל5 of 22

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר6 of 22

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לָהֶ֔ם7 of 22
H0
לָ֥מָּה8 of 22
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

תֵֽצְא֖וּ9 of 22

unto them Why are ye come out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

לַֽעֲרֹ֣ךְ10 of 22

in array

H6186

to set in a row, i.e., arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications)

מִלְחָמָ֑ה11 of 22

to set your battle

H4421

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

הֲל֧וֹא12 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

אָֽנֹכִ֣י13 of 22
H595

i

הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י14 of 22

am not I a Philistine

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

וְאַתֶּם֙15 of 22
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

עֲבָדִ֣ים16 of 22

and ye servants

H5650

a servant

לְשָׁא֔וּל17 of 22

to Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

בְּרֽוּ18 of 22

choose

H1262

to select; to feed; to render clear

לָכֶ֥ם19 of 22
H0
אִ֖ישׁ20 of 22

you a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

וְיֵרֵ֥ד21 of 22

for you and let him come down

H3381

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau

אֵלָֽי׃22 of 22
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 17:8 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 17:8 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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