King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 17:3 Mean?

1 Samuel 17:3 in the King James Version says “And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them.

1 Samuel 17:3 · KJV


Context

1

Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and were gathered together at Shochoh, which belongeth to Judah, and pitched between Shochoh and Azekah, in Ephesdammim. Ephesdammim: or, the coast of Dammim, called Pasdammim

2

And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together, and pitched by the valley of Elah, and set the battle in array against the Philistines. set: Heb. ranged the battle

3

And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them.

4

And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span.

5

And he had an helmet of brass upon his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass. armed: Heb. clothed


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them.

The Goliath narrative demonstrates that human impossibilities create opportunities for divine glory. David's confidence rests not in weapons or military training but in the character of the God who delivered him from lion and bear. His declaration that 'the battle is the LORD's' establishes the theological principle that spiritual victory comes through faith in God's power rather than confidence in human strength. The contrast between Saul's armor (representing human methods) and simple shepherd's weapons (representing faith) teaches that God uses unexpected means to accomplish His purposes and receive glory.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The establishment of monarchy around 1050-1010 BCE represented a dramatic political and theological shift for Israel. Unlike surrounding nations where kings were considered divine or semi-divine, Israel's kings were supposed to function under God's ultimate authority as laid out in Deuteronomy 17:14-20. The Benjamite tribe occupied strategic territory between Ephraim and Judah, making Saul's selection a politically astute choice to balance tribal rivalries. Archaeological remains from this period show increased fortification and centralization of settlements, confirming the transition to state-level organization.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen our understanding of God's character, purposes, and ways of working in human history?
  2. What specific heart attitudes, thought patterns, or life practices does this passage call you to examine or change?
  3. How does this passage connect to the larger biblical narrative of redemption and point toward Christ and the gospel?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים1 of 12

And the Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

עֹֽמְדִ֥ים2 of 12

stood

H5975

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

אֶל3 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הָהָ֖ר4 of 12

on a mountain

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

מִזֶּ֔ה5 of 12
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל6 of 12

on the one side and Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

עֹֽמְדִ֥ים7 of 12

stood

H5975

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

אֶל8 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הָהָ֖ר9 of 12

on a mountain

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

מִזֶּ֑ה10 of 12
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

וְהַגַּ֖יְא11 of 12

on the other side and there was a valley

H1516

a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)

בֵּֽינֵיהֶֽם׃12 of 12
H996

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 17:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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