King James Version

What Does 1 Chronicles 2:46 Mean?

1 Chronicles 2:46 in the King James Version says “And Ephah, Caleb's concubine, bare Haran, and Moza, and Gazez: and Haran begat Gazez.” — study this verse from 1 Chronicles chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“And Ephah, Caleb's concubine, bare Haran, and Moza, and Gazez: and Haran begat Gazez.”

1 Chronicles 2:46 · KJV

Context

44

And Shema begat Raham, the father of Jorkoam: and Rekem begat Shammai.

45

And the son of Shammai was Maon: and Maon was the father of Bethzur.

46

And Ephah, Caleb's concubine, bare Haran, and Moza, and Gazez: and Haran begat Gazez.

47

And the sons of Jahdai; Regem, and Jotham, and Geshan, and Pelet, and Ephah, and Shaaph.

48

Maachah, Caleb's concubine, bare Sheber, and Tirhanah.

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Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Genealogical Significance: This verse appears within the Judah's lineage and David's royal line section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) - praise is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as theological statements about covenant continuity and divine faithfulness.

The genealogical structure serves multiple purposes: (1) establishing Israel's connection to God's creatio n plan from Adam, (2) legitimizing post-exilic community's claim to covenant promises, (3) emphasizing Judah and Levi's special roles in God's redemptive plan, and (4) demonstrating that despite exile, God's covenant purposes continue. The selection and arrangement of names is intentional, highlighting Messianic line through Judah to David.

Chronicles diverges from Genesis and Samuel-Kings in its genealogical presentation, reflecting the Chronicler's distinct theological agenda. Where earlier texts focus on narrative history, Chronicles emphasizes continuity, legitimacy, and hope for restoration. This verse contributes to the larger argument that the post-exilic community is the rightful heir of God's ancient covenant promises.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Post-Exilic Context: The Chronicler wrote during the Persian period (450-400 BCE) to a community returned from Babylonian exile, struggling with identity and purpose. These genealogies answered crucial questions: Who are we? What is our relationship to ancient Israel? Do God's promises still apply to us?

The historical setting influences the text's emphasis on Genealogies of Judah and David's lineage - royal line emphasis. Ancient Near Eastern cultures valued genealogies for establishing land rights, royal legitimacy, and tribal identity. Chronicles' genealogies served similar functions while adding theological depth. The inclusion of specific names and details reflects the author's access to temple archives, royal records, and earlier biblical texts.

Archaeological evidence from Persian-period Judah shows a small, struggling community centered around Jerusalem and the rebuilt temple. The genealogies reinforced their connection to the glorious past and provided hope for future restoration through God's covenant faithfulness.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding genealogies as theological statements rather than mere historical records change your reading of Chronicles and other biblical genealogies?
  2. What does this verse teach about God's faithfulness across generations, and how does that apply to your own family's spiritual legacy?
  3. How does Messianic line through Judah to David connect to the New Testament revelation of Jesus Christ as the fulfillment of Old Testament promises?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וְעֵיפָה֙1 of 14

“And Ephah”

H5891

ephah, the name of a son of midian, and of the region settled by him; also of an israelite and of an israelitess

פִּילֶ֣גֶשׁ2 of 14

“concubine”

H6370

a concubine; also (masculine) a paramour

כָּלֵ֔ב3 of 14

“Caleb's”

H3612

caleb, the name of three israelites

הֹלִ֥יד4 of 14

“bare”

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

אֶת5 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

וְחָרָ֖ן6 of 14

“Haran”

H2771

charan, the name of a man

וְאֶת7 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מוֹצָ֖א8 of 14

“and Moza”

H4162

motsa, the name of two israelites

וְאֶת9 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

גָּזֵֽז׃10 of 14

“Gazez”

H1495

gazez, the name of two israelites

וְחָרָ֖ן11 of 14

“Haran”

H2771

charan, the name of a man

הֹלִ֥יד12 of 14

“bare”

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

אֶת13 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

גָּזֵֽז׃14 of 14

“Gazez”

H1495

gazez, the name of two israelites

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Chronicles. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Chronicles 2:46 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Chronicles 2:46 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

1 Chronicles 2:18-191 Chronicles 2:48

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