King James Version
Isaiah 15
9 verses with commentary
Prophecy Against Moab
The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; because in the night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; brought: or, cut off
View commentary
The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; because in the night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence. The Hebrew word massa (burden/oracle) introduces divine judgment pronouncements. Moab, descended from Lot's incestuous union (Genesis 19:30-37), maintained a complex relationship with Israel—sometimes ally, often adversary. The repetitive structure "in the night...laid waste" emphasizes sudden, unexpected devastation. Ar and Kir, Moab's principal cities, represent the nation's strength and pride. Their simultaneous destruction "in the night" suggests divinely orchestrated military conquest, likely the Assyrian invasions under Tiglath-Pileser III (732 BCE) or Sargon II (715 BCE). God's sovereignty extends beyond Israel to judge all nations according to His righteous standards. The prophet's compassion for Moab (verses 5, 9) demonstrates that divine judgment brings no pleasure to God (Ezekiel 33:11), yet His holiness demands response to sin.
He is gone up to Bajith, and to Dibon, the high places, to weep: Moab shall howl over Nebo, and over Medeba: on all their heads shall be baldness, and every beard cut off.
View commentary
The cascade of place-names (Bajith, Dibon, Nebo, Medeba) traces Moab's grief from temple to high places to cities. "Going up" to weep suggests both geographical movement to elevated worship sites and spiritual seeking in crisis—yet Moab seeks help at idolatrous shrines, not from the true God. The shaving of heads and cutting off of beards represents extreme mourning in Ancient Near Eastern culture, often forbidden to Israel (Leviticus 19:27-28) as it resembled pagan mourning rites. Moab's desperate grief reveals the inadequacy of false gods in genuine crisis. Reformed theology emphasizes that mankind instinctively seeks the transcendent in suffering, yet apart from revelation in Christ, these religious impulses lead to empty ritual rather than redemption.
In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their streets, every one shall howl, weeping abundantly. weeping: Heb. descending into weeping, or, coming down with weeping
View commentary
The image of entire cities girding themselves with sackcloth depicts corporate mourning. Streets, housetops, and public squares become theaters of lamentation—no private corners exist for this grief. The phrase "weeping abundantly" (Hebrew yered bedeki, "descending in weeping") suggests tears flowing like water, overwhelming sorrow. This universal mourning contrasts with Moab's former pride. God's judgments often work by removing what nations idolize—in Moab's case, national security and prosperity. The public nature of mourning serves both as authentic expression and as testimony to surrounding nations of divine judgment. Reformed soteriology recognizes such temporal judgments as both warning and mercy—calls to repentance before final judgment.
And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh: their voice shall be heard even unto Jahaz: therefore the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out; his life shall be grievous unto him.
View commentary
Heshbon and Elealeh's cry reaching to Jahaz (about 20 miles) indicates either extraordinarily loud lamentation or the spread of calamity across the region. The armed soldiers crying aloud reverses expected military bravado—warriors reduced to weeping reveals total devastation. The phrase "his life shall be grievous unto him" (literally "his soul trembles within him") describes existential anguish, not mere physical suffering. This depicts the psychological trauma of military defeat and national collapse. The breakdown of military strength demonstrates that earthly power provides no ultimate security. Reformed theology emphasizes that only covenant relationship with the sovereign God provides true refuge; all other securities are illusions destined to fail under divine judgment.
My heart shall cry out for Moab; his fugitives shall flee unto Zoar, an heifer of three years old: for by the mounting up of Luhith with weeping shall they go it up; for in the way of Horonaim they shall raise up a cry of destruction. his: or, to the borders thereof, even to Zoar, as an heifer destruction: Heb. breaking
View commentary
Isaiah's "heart shall cry out for Moab" demonstrates the prophet's compassion despite being Israel's enemy. This reflects God's own heart—taking no pleasure in judgment (Ezekiel 18:23, 32; 33:11) yet remaining committed to justice. The refugees fleeing to Zoar (south of the Dead Sea, spared in Sodom's destruction, Genesis 19:22-23) seek any refuge from advancing armies. The vivid image of fugitives as "an heifer of three years old" suggests strength turned to flight, productive animals becoming refugees. The phrase "going up of Luhith with weeping" and "way of Horonaim" describe literal geographical ascents and descents, but also spiritual desperation. Reformed pastoral theology emphasizes that true ministers must combine unflinching proclamation of judgment with genuine grief over the lost—never celebrating others' destruction while maintaining conviction about divine justice.
For the waters of Nimrim shall be desolate: for the hay is withered away, the grass faileth, there is no green thing. desolate: Heb. desolations
View commentary
The drying up of waters symbolizes life, prosperity, and hope draining away. Nimrim ("clear waters") becoming desolate and the grass withering represent agricultural devastation—the economic foundation destroyed. Ancient warfare targeted water sources and crops to create famine and force surrender. The comprehensive destruction ("no green thing") indicates total judgment, not partial chastisement. This physical desolation mirrors spiritual barrenness—life apart from God's blessing ultimately withers. The contrast between Nimrim's name (clear/pleasant waters) and its reality (desolation) illustrates the gap between human naming/claiming and divine reality. Reformed covenant theology teaches that blessing flows from covenant faithfulness; rejection of God inevitably produces curse, regardless of a land's natural advantages.
Therefore the abundance they have gotten, and that which they have laid up, shall they carry away to the brook of the willows. brook: or, valley of the Arabians
View commentary
Refugees carrying remaining possessions "to the brook of the willows" (likely the Zered valley marking Moab's southern border) depicts desperate flight with whatever can be salvaged. The phrase "the abundance they have gotten" (Hebrew yitrah, surplus/remainder) suggests not wealth but survival supplies—what little remains after devastation. Crossing the border represents losing homeland, identity, and security. This scene of displaced persons prefigures countless refugee movements through history. Theologically, it illustrates that earthly possessions and securities ultimately fail; only relationship with the eternal God provides refuge that cannot be shaken. The willows' association with water in desert suggests searching for life-giving resources in exile—a picture of humanity's search for hope amid judgment.
For the cry is gone round about the borders of Moab; the howling thereof unto Eglaim, and the howling thereof unto Beerelim.
View commentary
The cry encompassing Moab's entire borders ("Eglaim" and "Beer-elim" marking extremities) indicates universal devastation—no corner spared. The amplification of mourning "unto" these distant points suggests news spreading or grief resonating throughout the land. This comprehensive judgment demonstrates that God's decrees affect entire nations, not just individuals. The geographic specificity roots the prophecy in historical reality—these aren't abstract warnings but concrete predictions about real places and peoples. Reformed eschatology sees such temporal judgments as types pointing to final judgment, when God's wrath will encompass all who reject His mercy in Christ. The howling reaching borders also suggests futility—no escape from divine judgment when it comes.
For the waters of Dimon shall be full of blood: for I will bring more upon Dimon, lions upon him that escapeth of Moab, and upon the remnant of the land. more: Heb. additions
View commentary
Divine judgment intensifies—"I will bring more upon Dimon" indicates escalating rather than diminishing consequences. The wordplay between "Dimon" and "dam" (blood) creates ominous atmosphere. Lions attacking both survivors ("him that escapeth") and remnant ("remaineth in the land") depicts comprehensive destruction—neither flight nor staying provides safety. This vivid image illustrates that attempted human solutions fail under divine judgment. The lions may represent literal predatory animals multiplying in depopulated regions (as occurred historically when regions were devastated), or metaphorically represent successive waves of invaders. Theologically, this reveals that sin's consequences compound; judgment unrepented leads to greater judgment. Only divine mercy interrupts this downward spiral—which Moab could have found by humbling themselves before Israel's God, but pride prevented.