About 1 Chronicles

1 Chronicles retells Israel's history from Adam to David, emphasizing the temple, worship, and the Davidic covenant for the returned exiles.

Author: Ezra (traditionally)Written: c. 450-400 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 21
GenealogyTempleWorshipDavidic LineDivine FaithfulnessPreparation

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King James Version

1 Chronicles 28

21 verses with commentary

David's Plans for the Temple

And David assembled all the princes of Israel, the princes of the tribes, and the captains of the companies that ministered to the king by course, and the captains over the thousands, and captains over the hundreds, and the stewards over all the substance and possession of the king, and of his sons, with the officers, and with the mighty men, and with all the valiant men, unto Jerusalem. possession: or, cattle and of: or, and his sons officers: or, eunuchs

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **And David assembled all the princes of Israel.**—As he had called the National Assembly before removing the Ark (1Chronicles 13:1; 1Chronicles 15:3). Who the princes (*sārîm*) were is defined in the following clauses. **The princes of the tribes.**—See the list of them in 1Chronicles 27:16-22. **Captains of the companies.**—Rather, *princes of the courses, who served the king:* viz., those e...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. David took more wives at Jerusalem--**(See on 2Sa 3:5). His concubines are mentioned (1Ch 3:9), where also is given a list of his children (1Ch 14:5-8), and those born in Jerusalem (2Sa 5:14-16). In that, however, the names of Eliphalet and Nogah do not occur, and Beeliada appears to be the same as Eliada. 1Ch 14:8-17. His Victories over the Philistines.

Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building:

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KJV Study Commentary

David's address to Israel's assembly: 'Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the footstool of our God, and had made ready for the building.' David calls them 'brethren and people,' combining covenant kinship with royal relationship. His desire to build 'a house of rest' (bayit m'nuchah) for the...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Then David the king stood up upon his feet.**—To address the assembly, the king naturally rose from his throne. **Hear me.**—Calling attention, as in Genesis 23:11-15. **My brethren, and my people.**—Comp. 1Samuel 30:23; 2Samuel 19:12. The words do not so much imply condescension as an acknowledgment of what every one of David’s hearers felt to be true—viz., that all Israel were kin, and Dav...
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But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. blood: Heb. bloods

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **But God said unto me.**—The emphasis lies on the word *God,* which is in direct contrast with the “I—in my heart it was,” of 1Chronicles 28:2. (Comp. 1Chronicles 22:8, of which this verse is a summary.)

Howbeit the LORD God of Israel chose me before all the house of my father to be king over Israel for ever: for he hath chosen Judah to be the ruler; and of the house of Judah, the house of my father; and among the sons of my father he liked me to make me king over all Israel:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Howbeit the Lord God of Israel chose me.**—Comp. 1Chronicles 11:2 and Notes. The Divine election of David preludes that of Solomon (1Chronicles 28:5). **For he hath chosen Judah to be the ruler.**—Better, *For Judah it was that he chose for prince *(*nāgîd*)*, and in the house of Judah, my father’s house.* (Comp. 1Chronicles 5:2 and Notes.) **And among the sons of my father he liked me.**—Th...
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And of all my sons, (for the LORD hath given me many sons,) he hath chosen Solomon my son to sit upon the throne of the kingdom of the LORD over Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Many sons.**—See 1Chronicles 3:1-9, where nineteen are mentioned by name, “besides the sons of the concubines, and Tamar their sister.” **He hath chosen.**—Heb., *then he chose,* the construction being changed after the parenthesis. **Solomon my son.**—The son who has the best right to the name. (Comp. 1Chronicles 22:10.) **The throne of the kingdom of the Lord.**—This expression is unique i...
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And he said unto me, Solomon thy son, he shall build my house and my courts: for I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father.

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KJV Study Commentary

God's covenant word to David about Solomon: 'And he said unto me, Solomon thy son, he shall build my house and my courts: for I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father.' This reaffirms the Davidic covenant (17:11-14) with explicit application to Solomon. The father-son relationship language signifies covenant intimacy and obligation. God's choosing Solomon (bachar - elect/select) de...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **He shall build.**—Better, *he it is that shall build.* The pronoun is emphatic: *he,* and not *thou.* **I have chosen him. . . . his father.**—Literally, *I have chosen him for myself as a son, and I—I will become to him a father.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. all the Philistines went up to seek David--**in the hope of accomplishing his ruin (for so the phrase is used, 1Sa 23:15; 24:2, 3) before his throne was consolidated. Their hostility arose, both from a belief that his patriotism would lead him, ere long, to wipe out the national dishonor at Gilboa, and by fear, that in any invasion of their country, his thorough knowledge of their weak points...
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Moreover I will establish his kingdom for ever, if he be constant to do my commandments and my judgments, as at this day. constant: Heb. strong

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **Moreover I will establish his kingdom for ever.**—So 1Chronicles 22:10 (at end). **If he be constant to do my commandments and my judgments.**—The same condition is attached to the same promise in 1Kings 9:4-5. (Comp. also 1Kings 3:14, where the promise is length of days.) **As at this day.**—As we are doing in our present work. The same words occur in the same sense at the end of Solomon’s ...
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Now therefore in the sight of all Israel the congregation of the LORD, and in the audience of our God, keep and seek for all the commandments of the LORD your God: that ye may possess this good land, and leave it for an inheritance for your children after you for ever.

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KJV Study Commentary

David's solemn charge combines personal and corporate dimensions: 'Now therefore in the sight of all Israel the congregation of the LORD, and in the audience of our God, keep and seek for all the commandments of the LORD your God: that ye may possess this good land, and leave it for an inheritance for your children after you for ever.' Speaking before Israel but 'in the audience of our God' recogn...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Now therefore in the sight of all Israel.**—Literally, *And now to the eyes of all Israel . . . and in the ears of our God;* scil. I adjure you. David ends his address to the people by a solemn appeal, like that, of Moses (Deuteronomy 4:26; Deuteronomy 30:19 : “I call heaven and earth to witness,” &c.). David’s appeal is to the whole nation as represented before him, and to the God whose ear...
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David's Charge to Solomon

And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind: for the LORD searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the thoughts: if thou seek him, he will be found of thee; but if thou forsake him, he will cast thee off for ever.

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KJV Study Commentary

David's charge to Solomon contains profound theological teaching: 'know thou the God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind: for the LORD searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the thoughts.' The progression knowledge → service → wholehearted devotion reflects covenant relationship. 'Perfect heart' (lev shalem) means undivided loyalty, no...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **And thou, Solomon my son.**—The king now turns to his heir, urging a whole-hearted service to his father’s God (1Chronicles 28:9-10). **Know thou.**—Regard thou, have care for (Psalm 1:6). **The God of thy father** might mean the God of *Israel* (comp. 1Chronicles 29:10). But 1Chronicles 28:20, where David speaks of “my God,” suggests the simpler meaning, God of David, here. (Comp. Psalm 18:...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. they came up to Baal-perazim; and David smote them there--**In an engagement fought at Mount Perazim (Is 28:21), in the valley of Rephaim, a few miles west of Jerusalem, the Philistines were defeated and put to flight.

Take heed now; for the LORD hath chosen thee to build an house for the sanctuary: be strong, and do it.

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KJV Study Commentary

David's personal charge to Solomon: 'Take heed now; for the LORD hath chosen thee to build an house for the sanctuary: be strong, and do it.' The command 'take heed' (re'eh - see/consider) requires careful attention. The basis is divine election - 'the LORD hath chosen thee' - which both privileges and obligates. The command 'be strong, and do it' (chazaq va'aseh) links courage with action. God's ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Take heed now; for the Lord.**—Or, *See now that Jehovah hath chosen thee;* consider this high commission, weigh it well and realise it thoroughly, then be strong, and act. (See 1Chronicles 22:13; 1Chronicles 22:16.) David now, in presence of the Assembly, hands over to his son the plans of the Sanctuary and its vessels, remarking, as he does so, that the whole is of Divine origin (1Chronic...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. when they had left their gods--**(See on 2Sa 5:21).

Then David gave to Solomon his son the pattern of the porch, and of the houses thereof, and of the treasuries thereof, and of the upper chambers thereof, and of the inner parlours thereof, and of the place of the mercy seat,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **Then** (and) **David gave.**—The description proceeds from the outer to the inner. **The pattern.**—Heb., *tahnîth,* the word used in Exodus 25:9 of the model, plan, or design of the Tabernacle. **The porch.**—See 1Kings 6:3. The Syriac has *prûstidê: i.e.,* παραστάδες, colonnade, portico. **The houses thereof.**—*Its*—*i.e.,* the Temple’s—*chambers.* Throughout this verse the word *thereof...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. the Philistines yet again spread themselves--**They renewed the campaign the next season, taking the same route. David, according to divine directions, did not confront them.

And the pattern of all that he had by the spirit, of the courts of the house of the LORD, and of all the chambers round about, of the treasuries of the house of God, and of the treasuries of the dedicated things: of all that: Heb. of all that was with him

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KJV Study Commentary

David's charge specifies the temple plans' source: 'And the pattern of all that he had by the spirit, of the courts of the house of the LORD, and of all the chambers round about, of the treasuries of the house of God, and of the treasuries of the dedicated things.' The phrase 'by the spirit' (b'ruach) indicates the Holy Spirit revealed the temple's design to David. This parallels Moses receiving t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **And the pattern of all that he had by the spirit.**—Rather, *the pattern of all that was* (or *had come to be*)* in the spirit with him: i.e.,* had come into his mind; the whole design as it lay in his mind. (Comp. the phrase in 1Chronicles 28:2 : “with my heart it was to build.” See 1Chronicles 28:19, which attributes the design of the Temple to Divine inspiration.) **Of the courts.**—*For...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. Go not up after them--**The text in 2Sa 5:23, more correctly has, "Go not up." **turn away from them--**that is, by stealing round a baca-grove, come upon their rear.

Also for the courses of the priests and the Levites, and for all the work of the service of the house of the LORD, and for all the vessels of service in the house of the LORD.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Also** (and) **for the courses of the priests and the Levites.**—This connects immediately with the phrase “all the chambers round about,” in 1Chronicles 28:12. The chambers or cells round the Temple court were intended not only for the stowage of the treasures, but also for the use of the priests and Levites who would sojourn in them by, course. The LXX. and the Vulg, render (David gave hi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. for God is gone forth before thee--**"a sound of going in the tops of the mulberry trees," that is, the rustling of the leaves by a strong breeze suddenly rising, was the sign by which David was divinely apprised of the precise moment for the attack. The impetuosity of his onset was like the gush of a pent-up torrent, which sweeps away all in its course; and in allusion to this incident the ...
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He gave of gold by weight for things of gold, for all instruments of all manner of service; silver also for all instruments of silver by weight, for all instruments of every kind of service:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **He gave of gold by weight for things of gold.**—The Hebrew is very concise. Apparently it continues the construction of 1Chronicles 28:12, so that the sense is: “He gave him a pattern or description for the golden vessels (literally, *for the gold*)*,* by the weight for the golden vessels (Heb., *for the gold*)*,* for all vessels of each kind of service (*i.e.,* *use*); and he gave him a pa...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. from Gibeon ... to Gazer--**Geba or Gibea (2Sa 5:25), now Yefa, in the province of Judah. The line from this to Gazer was intersected by the roads which led from Judah to the cities of the Philistines. To recover possession of it, therefore, as was effected by this decisive battle, was equivalent to setting free the whole mountain region of Judah as far as their most westerly slope [Bertheau...
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Even the weight for the candlesticks of gold, and for their lamps of gold, by weight for every candlestick, and for the lamps thereof: and for the candlesticks of silver by weight, both for the candlestick, and also for the lamps thereof, according to the use of every candlestick.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Even the weight for the candlesticks of gold.**—Rather, *and a* (specified) *weight for the golden lampstands, and their golden lamps, in the weight of each lampstand and its lamps; and* (a weight) *for the lampstands of silver by weight, for a lampstand and its lamps, according to the service of each lampstand.* The meaning still is that David gave Solomon a description of the designated a...
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And by weight he gave gold for the tables of shewbread, for every table; and likewise silver for the tables of silver:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **And by weight he gave gold.**—*And the gold he gave* (assigned in the schedule or written plan) *a certain weight.* **For the tables of shewbread.**—Only one table of shewbread is spoken of in the Law. (See Exodus 25:23-30, and comp. 1Kings 7:48.) The chronicler was well aware of this, as appears from 2Chronicles 29:18; and as he states elsewhere that Solomon made ten golden tables, and put...
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Also pure gold for the fleshhooks, and the bowls, and the cups: and for the golden basons he gave gold by weight for every bason; and likewise silver by weight for every bason of silver:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **Also pure gold for the fleshhooks, and the bowls, and the cups.**—Rather, *and the forks, and the bowls, and the flagons were* (in the schedule or inventory) *pure gold.* (See Exodus 27:3; 1Samuel 2:13-14.) The bowls were used in lustral sprinkling, the golden flagons in libations (Exodus 25:29; Exodus 37:16; Numbers 4:7 only). **The golden basons.**—Tankards, or lidded pitchers (*kĕphôrîm*...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 15 1Ch 15:1-24. David Brings the Ark from Obededom. **1. David made him houses in the city of David--**Through the liberality of his Tyrian ally (1Ch 14:1), David was enabled to erect not only a palace for himself, but to furnish suitable accommodation for his numerous family. Where polygamy prevails, each wife has a separate house or suite of apartments for herself and children. **p...
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And for the altar of incense refined gold by weight; and gold for the pattern of the chariot of the cherubims, that spread out their wings, and covered the ark of the covenant of the LORD.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. Then David said, None ought to carry the ark of God but the Levites--**After the lapse of three months (1Ch 13:14) the purpose of transporting the ark to Jerusalem was resumed. Time and reflection had led to a discovery of the cause of the painful catastrophe that marred the first attempt. In preparing for the solemn procession that was now to usher the sacred symbol into its resting-place, D...
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All this, said David, the LORD made me understand in writing by his hand upon me, even all the works of this pattern.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **All this said David.**—The words with which David delivered the plans of the building and the schedule of its vessels to Solomon. The omission of any introductory formula, such as “And David said,” is dramatic. (Comp. 1Chronicles 16:8; 1Chronicles 23:4-5.) Literally rendered, after the Hebrew punctuation, the verse runs:—“The whole in a writing from the hand of Jehovah, to me he made clear;...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. David gathered all Israel together--**Some are of opinion that this was done on one of the three great festivals, but at whatever time the ceremonial took place, it was of great importance to summon a general convocation of the people, many of whom, from the long-continued disorders of the kingdom, might have had little or no opportunity of knowing anything of the ark, which had been allowed ...
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And David said to Solomon his son, Be strong and of good courage, and do it: fear not, nor be dismayed: for the LORD God, even my God, will be with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, until thou hast finished all the work for the service of the house of the LORD.

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KJV Study Commentary

David's encouragement 'Be strong and of good courage, and do it: fear not, nor be dismayed: for the LORD God, even my God, will be with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee' echoes God's words to Joshua (Joshua 1:5-9). This parallel is deliberate - as Joshua succeeded Moses in bringing Israel into the promised land, Solomon succeeds David in building God's house. The promise of divine pre...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **And David said to Solomon his son.**—The conclusion of the speech begun in 1Chronicles 28:9-10, and interrupted by the transfer of the plans and designs (1Chronicles 28:11-19). **Be strong and of good courage.**—So 1Chronicles 22:13. “And do” is added here, because the time for action is imminent. **Fear not . . . forsake thee.**—From Deuteronomy 31:6; Deuteronomy 31:8. (See also Joshua 1:5...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. David assembled the children of Aaron, and the Levites--**The children of Aaron were the two priests (1Ch 15:11), Zadok and Abiathar, heads of the two priestly houses of Eleazar and Ithamar, and colleagues in the high priesthood (2Sa 20:25). The Levites were the chiefs of their father's house (1Ch 15:12); four belonging to the Kohathite branch, on whose shoulders the ark was to be borne; name...
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And, behold, the courses of the priests and the Levites, even they shall be with thee for all the service of the house of God: and there shall be with thee for all manner of workmanship every willing skilful man, for any manner of service: also the princes and all the people will be wholly at thy commandment.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Theological Analysis:</strong> This passage falls within the section on David's final charge and temple plans. The Hebrew term <em>לֵבָב (levav) - heart/mind</em> is theologically significant here, pointing to Wholehearted devotion to God's purposes. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, L...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **And, behold, the courses of the priests and the Levites.**—The form of expression suggests that David pointed to them as he spoke. The representatives of religion would hardly be absent from an assembly of “all the princes of Israel” (1Chronicles 28:1) (Comp. 1Chronicles 24:5, “princes of God.”) They might also be included among “the valiant men.” (Comp. 1Chronicles 9:13.) **And there shall...
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