King James Version

What Does Revelation 21:2 Mean?

Revelation 21:2 in the King James Version says “And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her hus... — study this verse from Revelation chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

Revelation 21:2 · KJV


Context

1

And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea.

2

And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

3

And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God.

4

And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. The vision opens with the holy city (τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν, tēn polin tēn hagian), emphasizing not a renovated earthly Jerusalem but an entirely new creation. The phrase coming down from God out of heaven (καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, katabainousan ek tou ouranou apo tou theou) shows divine origin—this city is God's gift, not human achievement.

The bride imagery (ἡτοιμασμένην ὡς νύμφην κεκοσμημένην, hētoimasmenēn hōs nymphēn kekosmēmenēn—'prepared as a bride adorned') fulfills Old Testament marriage metaphors (Isaiah 54:5, 62:5; Ezekiel 16:8-14) and Paul's teaching that the church is Christ's bride (Ephesians 5:25-27). The perfect passive participles 'prepared' and 'adorned' indicate God's complete and finished work—the church's holiness comes from Christ's sanctifying work, not her own efforts. This is the consummation of redemptive history: God dwelling with His glorified people in perfect covenant union.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Written during John's exile on Patmos (c. AD 95), this vision countered Roman imperial propaganda. While Rome boasted of the 'Eternal City' with its temples, forums, and Caesar worship, John reveals the true eternal city descending from heaven. The bridal imagery would resonate with churches familiar with Jewish wedding customs where the groom prepared a place for his bride (John 14:2-3).

Reflection Questions

  1. If the New Jerusalem is 'prepared' by God and 'comes down' from heaven, what does this teach about salvation by grace versus human religious achievement?
  2. How does the bride imagery challenge you to live in holiness now, awaiting Christ's return as His prepared and adorned bride?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 24 words
καὶ1 of 24

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐγὼ2 of 24

I

G1473

i, me

Ἰωάννης3 of 24

John

G2491

joannes (i.e., jochanan), the name of four israelites

εἶδον4 of 24

saw

G1492

used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

τὴν5 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πόλιν6 of 24

city

G4172

a town (properly, with walls, of greater or less size)

τὴν7 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἁγίαν8 of 24

the holy

G40

sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)

Ἰερουσαλὴμ9 of 24

Jerusalem

G2419

hierusalem (i.e., jerushalem), the capitol of palestine

καινὴν10 of 24

new

G2537

new (especially in freshness; while g3501 is properly so with respect to age

καταβαίνουσαν11 of 24

coming down

G2597

to descend (literally or figuratively)

ἀπὸ12 of 24

from

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

τοῦ13 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θεοῦ14 of 24

God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

ἐκ15 of 24

out of

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

τοῦ16 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

οὐρανοῦ17 of 24

heaven

G3772

the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)

ἡτοιμασμένην18 of 24

prepared

G2090

to prepare

ὡς19 of 24

as

G5613

which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)

νύμφην20 of 24

a bride

G3565

a young married woman (as veiled), including a betrothed girl; by implication, a son's wife

κεκοσμημένην21 of 24

adorned

G2885

to put in proper order, i.e., decorate (literally or figuratively); specially, to snuff (a wick)

τῷ22 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνδρὶ23 of 24

husband

G435

a man (properly as an individual male)

αὐτῆς24 of 24
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Revelation. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Revelation 21:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Revelation 21:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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