King James Version

What Does Revelation 18:20 Mean?

Revelation 18:20 in the King James Version says “Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her. — study this verse from Revelation chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her.

Revelation 18:20 · KJV


Context

18

And cried when they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, What city is like unto this great city!

19

And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas, that great city, wherein were made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.

20

Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her.

21

And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all.

22

And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard no more at all in thee; and no craftsman, of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her.... This verse from Revelation's vision of fall of babylon - economic, political, religious system destroyed, god's people called out employs apocalyptic imagery rich with Old Testament allusions and symbolic meaning. The Greek text uses vivid apocalyptic language characteristic of Jewish prophetic literature, drawing heavily from Daniel, Ezekiel, Isaiah, and Zechariah.

The symbolism must be interpreted within its first-century context while recognizing timeless spiritual realities. The imagery would resonate powerfully with persecuted believers facing Roman imperial cult worship, providing hope that despite present suffering, Christ reigns sovereign and will consummate His kingdom. The apocalyptic genre uses symbolic numbers (seven, twelve, 144,000), colors, beasts, and cosmic imagery to convey theological truth rather than photographic descriptions.

Christologically, Revelation consistently exalts Jesus as the victorious Lamb, the faithful witness, the King of kings and Lord of lords. Every vision ultimately points to Christ's supremacy, His finished redemptive work, and His certain return to judge the living and dead and establish the new creation.

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Historical & Cultural Context

John received this revelation circa AD 95 during Domitian's persecution, exiled on Patmos for his testimony. The seven churches of Asia Minor faced increasing pressure to participate in emperor worship and pagan religious practices. Refusal meant economic hardship, social ostracism, and potential martyrdom. Understanding this context illuminates Revelation's encouragement to faithful endurance.

The apocalyptic genre was familiar to first-century Jewish and Christian readers. Rather than newspaper-style predictions, apocalyptic literature uses symbolic imagery to reveal spiritual realities behind earthly events, encourage the faithful, warn the unfaithful, and assert God's ultimate sovereignty over history. Parallels with Daniel, Ezekiel, and intertestamental apocalyptic writings would help original readers decode the symbols.

Rome's imperial cult demanded worship of Caesar as divine, placing Christians in impossible situations—compromise their faith or face persecution. Revelation identifies Rome as "Babylon" and assures believers that despite appearances, the Lamb conquered through His death and resurrection, and all earthly kingdoms will submit to His reign.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Revelation 18:20 reveal God's character, particularly His sovereignty, holiness, and justice?
  2. What specific encouragement or warning does this verse offer for maintaining faithful Christian witness amid cultural pressure?
  3. How does this passage point to Christ's victory and the hope of new creation, and how should that shape your present priorities?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 20 words
Εὐφραίνου1 of 20

Rejoice

G2165

to put (middle voice or passively, be) in a good frame of mind, i.e., rejoice

ἐπ'2 of 20

over

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

αὐτῆς3 of 20

her

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

οὐρανέ4 of 20

thou heaven

G3772

the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)

καὶ5 of 20

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οἱ6 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἅγιοι7 of 20

ye holy

G40

sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)

ἀπόστολοι8 of 20

apostles

G652

a delegate; specially, an ambassador of the gospel; officially a commissioner of christ ("apostle") (with miraculous powers)

καὶ9 of 20

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οἱ10 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

προφῆται11 of 20

prophets

G4396

a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet

ὅτι12 of 20

for

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

ἔκρινεν13 of 20
G2919

by implication, to try, condemn, punish

14 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θεὸς15 of 20

God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

τὸ16 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κρίμα17 of 20

hath avenged

G2917

a decision (the function or the effect, for or against ("crime"))

ὑμῶν18 of 20

you

G5216

of (from or concerning) you

ἐξ19 of 20

on

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

αὐτῆς20 of 20

her

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Revelation. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Revelation 18:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Revelation 18:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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