King James Version

What Does Numbers 22:20 Mean?

Numbers 22:20 in the King James Version says “And God came unto Balaam at night, and said unto him, If the men come to call thee, rise up, and go with them; but yet t... — study this verse from Numbers chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And God came unto Balaam at night, and said unto him, If the men come to call thee, rise up, and go with them; but yet the word which I shall say unto thee, that shalt thou do.

Numbers 22:20 · KJV


Context

18

And Balaam answered and said unto the servants of Balak, If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the word of the LORD my God, to do less or more.

19

Now therefore, I pray you, tarry ye also here this night, that I may know what the LORD will say unto me more.

20

And God came unto Balaam at night, and said unto him, If the men come to call thee, rise up, and go with them; but yet the word which I shall say unto thee, that shalt thou do.

21

And Balaam rose up in the morning, and saddled his ass, and went with the princes of Moab.

22

And God's anger was kindled because he went: and the angel of the LORD stood in the way for an adversary against him. Now he was riding upon his ass, and his two servants were with him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And God came unto Balaam at night, and said unto him, If the men come to call thee, rise up, and go with them; but yet the word which I shall say unto thee, that shalt thou do. This verse presents one of Scripture's most theologically complex divine permissions—God allowing Balaam to proceed while simultaneously constraining his actions. The phrase "God came unto Balaam" (Elohim, not Yahweh) indicates genuine divine communication, yet the permission granted contains severe restrictions.

God's initial response to Balak's request was absolute prohibition: "Thou shalt not go with them; thou shalt not curse the people: for they are blessed" (22:12). However, after Balaam's persistence and Balak's increased offer, God permits the journey with the crucial limitation: "but yet the word which I shall say unto thee, that shalt thou do." This represents permissive will rather than directive will—God allowing human choice while maintaining sovereign control over outcomes. The Hebrew construction emphasizes the restrictive clause: akh et-hadevar ("only the word") establishes absolute boundaries on Balaam's prophetic utterances.

This passage reveals: (1) God's sovereignty over pagan prophets—even those outside the covenant can be instruments of His purposes; (2) the danger of pursuing what God permits but doesn't approve—Balaam's journey led to judgment (22:22); (3) divine control of prophetic speech—no curse could prevail against God's blessed people; and (4) the principle that God's permissive will may include testing our motives and allowing us to experience consequences of wrong desires.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This narrative occurs around 1405 BCE (early chronology) or 1230 BCE (late chronology) as Israel camped in the plains of Moab, preparing to enter Canaan. Balaam ben Beor was a renowned Mesopotamian diviner from Pethor near the Euphrates River (Numbers 22:5), approximately 400 miles from Moab. His international reputation as a prophet whose blessings and curses were efficacious explains why Balak, king of Moab, would send such a distant summons.

Archaeological evidence illuminates Balaam's historical context. The 1967 discovery of the Deir 'Alla inscription in Jordan's Jordan Valley (8th century BCE) mentions "Balaam son of Beor, the man who was a seer of the gods," confirming his lasting reputation in Transjordan traditions. Ancient Near Eastern divination practices included examining animal livers, observing omens, and receiving divine dreams—practices Balaam would have employed.

Balak's fear of Israel stemmed from recent Israelite victories over Sihon and Og (Numbers 21:21-35), demonstrating Israel's military superiority. Moab, descended from Lot (Genesis 19:37), shared ethnic connections with Israel but remained outside the covenant. The historical setting reveals international politics, religious syncretism, and the widespread belief in prophetic power. Balaam's story demonstrates that even pagan religious practitioners recognized Yahweh's supreme authority, though Balaam's later counsel led Israel into sin (Numbers 31:16; Revelation 2:14).

Reflection Questions

  1. What is the difference between God's permissive will and His directive will, and how can we discern whether He is approving or merely allowing our choices?
  2. Why might God permit us to pursue paths He doesn't fully approve, and what does Balaam's example teach about the consequences of such pursuits?
  3. How does God's absolute control over Balaam's prophetic words demonstrate His sovereignty to protect His people even through unwilling or compromised instruments?
  4. What warning does Balaam's story provide about mixing spiritual gifting with mercenary motives or serving God while pursuing worldly gain?
  5. In what areas of life might we be persisting in requests to God that He has already answered negatively, and how should Balaam's experience shape our prayers?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 23 words
בָּ֣אוּ1 of 23

came

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

אֱלֹהִ֥ים׀2 of 23

And God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אֶל3 of 23
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

בִּלְעָם֮4 of 23

unto Balaam

H1109

bilam, a place in palestine

לַיְלָה֒5 of 23

at night

H3915

properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר6 of 23

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

ל֗וֹ7 of 23
H0
אִם8 of 23
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

לִקְרֹ֤א9 of 23

to call

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

לְךָ֙10 of 23
H0
בָּ֣אוּ11 of 23

came

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים12 of 23
H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

ק֖וּם13 of 23

thee rise up

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

לֵ֣ךְ14 of 23
H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

אִתָּ֑ם15 of 23
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

וְאַ֗ךְ16 of 23

with them but yet

H389

a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only

אֶת17 of 23
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַדָּבָ֛ר18 of 23

the word

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

אֲשֶׁר19 of 23
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אֲדַבֵּ֥ר20 of 23

which I shall say

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

אֵלֶ֖יךָ21 of 23
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אֹת֥וֹ22 of 23
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

תַֽעֲשֶֽׂה׃23 of 23

unto thee that shalt thou do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 22:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 22:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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