King James Version
What Does Numbers 13:10 Mean?
“Of the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel the son of Sodi.”
Numbers 13:10 · KJV
Context
8
Of the tribe of Ephraim, Oshea the son of Nun.
9
Of the tribe of Benjamin, Palti the son of Raphu.
10
Of the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel the son of Sodi.
11
Of the tribe of Joseph, namely, of the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi the son of Susi.
12
Of the tribe of Dan, Ammiel the son of Gemalli.
Commentary
KJV Study CommentaryZebulun's spy was 'Gaddiel the son of Sodi.' The name 'Gaddiel' means 'God is my fortune/troop,' declaring dependence on divine provision. Yet his joining the majority's fearful report contradicted his name's meaning - he trusted circumstances over God. Zebulun's blessing prophesied they'd 'dwell at the haven of the sea... and his border shall be unto Zidon' (Gen 49:13), promising maritime prosperity. Gaddiel never experienced this, dying in wilderness. This teaches that professing God's provision verbally (via his name) means nothing without faith-filled obedience. Many claim God yet live practically denying His sufficiency (Titus 1:16).
KJV Study — Public Domain
Historical & Cultural Context
Zebulun eventually inherited territory including important trade routes, fulfilling Jacob's blessing about dwelling at the sea and commercial success. But Gaddiel forfeited this through unbelief. His name proclaimed God as his fortune, yet he saw Canaanite fortifications as insurmountable, revealing that his true trust was in human strength, not divine power. The disconnect between name (theological orthodoxy) and action (practical unbelief) parallels modern professors who claim God's promises while living in fear and unbelief. James addresses this: faith without works is dead (James 2:17) - genuine faith produces trusting obedience, not fearful paralysis.
Reflection Questions
- Does your life match your theological confessions, or do you claim God's provision while living in practical fear?
- How can you move from mere verbal profession to lived trust that acts on God's promises despite apparent obstacles?
Original Language Analysis
Hebrew · 5 wordsלְמַטֵּ֣ה1 of 5
“Of the tribe”
H4294a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),
בֶּן4 of 5
“the son”
H1121a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
Study Guide
Historical Context
This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.
Theological Significance
Numbers 13:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.