King James Version

What Does Luke 3:11 Mean?

Luke 3:11 in the King James Version says “He answereth and saith unto them, He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none; and he that hath meat, l... — study this verse from Luke chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

He answereth and saith unto them, He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none; and he that hath meat, let him do likewise.

Luke 3:11 · KJV


Context

9

And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: every tree therefore which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.

10

And the people asked him, saying, What shall we do then?

11

He answereth and saith unto them, He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none; and he that hath meat, let him do likewise.

12

Then came also publicans to be baptized, and said unto him, Master, what shall we do?

13

And he said unto them, Exact no more than that which is appointed you.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
John's answer—'He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none; and he that hath meat, let him do likewise'—defines repentance in terms of generosity and compassion. The principle addresses excess meeting need: those with abundance sharing with those in want. This isn't socialism or forced redistribution but voluntary compassion flowing from transformed hearts. The specific mention of 'coats' (clothing) and 'meat' (food) addresses basic human necessities, not luxuries. John's requirement challenges materialism and selfishness, showing that genuine repentance produces tangible fruit in how we treat others. This anticipates Jesus's teaching about wealth, poverty, and generosity (Luke 6:20-26; 12:33; 18:22).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In an economy where many lacked basic necessities while others hoarded resources, John's call to share challenged both Jewish and Roman social structures. His emphasis on practical compassion over ritual observance anticipated Jesus's ministry to the poor and marginalized.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does genuine repentance express itself in generosity toward those in need?
  2. What is the difference between voluntary charity and forced redistribution?
  3. Why does John emphasize social justice rather than ritual observance as evidence of repentance?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
ἀποκριθεὶς1 of 18

He answereth

G611

to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)

δὲ2 of 18

and

G1161

but, and, etc

λέγει3 of 18

saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

αὐτοῖς4 of 18

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

5 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἔχων6 of 18

He that hath

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

δύο7 of 18

two

G1417

"two"

χιτῶνας8 of 18

coats

G5509

a tunic or shirt

μεταδότω9 of 18

let him impart

G3330

to give over, i.e., share

τῷ10 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μὴ11 of 18

none

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

ἔχων12 of 18

He that hath

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

καὶ13 of 18

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

14 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἔχων15 of 18

He that hath

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

βρώματα16 of 18

meat

G1033

food (literally or figuratively), especially (ceremonially) articles allowed or forbidden by the jewish law

ὁμοίως17 of 18

likewise

G3668

similarly

ποιείτω18 of 18

let him do

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 3:11 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 3:11 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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