King James Version

What Does Luke 15:27 Mean?

Luke 15:27 in the King James Version says “And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe... — study this verse from Luke chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound.

Luke 15:27 · KJV


Context

25

Now his elder son was in the field: and as he came and drew nigh to the house, he heard musick and dancing.

26

And he called one of the servants, and asked what these things meant.

27

And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound.

28

And he was angry, and would not go in: therefore came his father out, and intreated him.

29

And he answering said to his father, Lo, these many years do I serve thee, neither transgressed I at any time thy commandment: and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound. The servant's report emphasizes three key elements: family relationship ("thy brother"), the father's extravagant celebration ("killed the fatted calf"), and the cause—the son's safe return. The phrase "safe and sound" (ὑγιαίνοντα, hygiainonta) means healthy, whole, sound—not merely alive but restored to wellness. The father celebrates not just the son's survival but his wholeness.

The servant's perspective reflects proper gospel understanding. He identifies the returned prodigal as "thy brother"—family relationship is central. He credits the celebration to "thy father"—the father's joy drives the feast, not the son's merit. The phrase "because he hath received him" (ὅτι ὑγιαίνοντα αὐτὸν ἀπέλαβεν, hoti hygiainonta auton apelaben) uses the verb apolambanō (ἀπολαμβάνω), meaning to receive back, recover, reclaim what was lost. The father hasn't merely accepted a stranger but recovered his son.

This servant's simple report contains profound theology: salvation is about family restoration, God's initiative and joy, and the complete healing of those who return. The elder brother will hear this same truth but respond with resentment (vv. 28-30), demonstrating that knowing gospel facts doesn't guarantee gospel joy. Information without transformation breeds religion without relationship.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Servants in first-century households participated in family celebrations and understood family dynamics. This servant's joy in reporting the younger son's return contrasts with the elder brother's impending anger. The detail about the fatted calf communicated the extraordinary nature of the celebration—this wasn't routine hospitality but a once-in-a-lifetime feast marking profound family restoration.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the servant's emphasis on 'thy brother' and 'thy father' reveal the relational essence of the gospel?
  2. What does the phrase 'safe and sound' teach about salvation as complete restoration, not merely legal forgiveness?
  3. Why might believers sometimes resist celebrating when God receives back the lost 'safe and sound'?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 22 words
1 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 22

And

G1161

but, and, etc

εἶπεν3 of 22

he said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

αὐτὸν4 of 22

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ὅτι5 of 22

because

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

6 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀδελφός7 of 22

brother

G80

a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)

σου8 of 22

Thy

G4675

of thee, thy

ἥκει9 of 22

is come

G2240

to arrive, i.e., be present (literally or figuratively)

καὶ10 of 22

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἔθυσεν11 of 22

hath killed

G2380

properly, to rush (breathe hard, blow, smoke), i.e., (by implication) to sacrifice (properly, by fire, but genitive case); by extension to immolate (s

12 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πατήρ13 of 22

father

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

σου14 of 22

Thy

G4675

of thee, thy

τὸν15 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μόσχον16 of 22

calf

G3448

a young bullock

τὸν17 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σιτευτόν18 of 22

the fatted

G4618

grain-fed, i.e., fattened

ὅτι19 of 22

because

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

ὑγιαίνοντα20 of 22

safe and sound

G5198

to have sound health, i.e., be well (in body); figuratively, to be uncorrupt (true in doctrine)

αὐτὸν21 of 22

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἀπέλαβεν22 of 22

he hath received

G618

to receive (specially, in full, or as a host); also to take aside


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 15:27 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 15:27 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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