King James Version

What Does John 13:10 Mean?

John 13:10 in the King James Version says “Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but ... — study this verse from John chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all.

John 13:10 · KJV


Context

8

Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me.

9

Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head.

10

Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all.

11

For he knew who should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean.

12

So after he had washed their feet, and had taken his garments, and was set down again, he said unto them, Know ye what I have done to you?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all. Jesus corrects Peter's misunderstanding with crucial theological distinction. He that is washed (ὁ λελουμένος/ho leloumenos) uses the perfect passive participle of λούω (louō)—to bathe the whole body—indicating completed action with ongoing results. This person needeth not (οὐ χρείαν ἔχει/ou chreian echei) further bathing, only to wash his feet (νίψασθαι τοὺς πόδας/nipsasthai tous podas), using νίπτω (niptō), the verb for partial washing.

The distinction maps onto Christian soteriology with precision. The complete bath (λούω) represents justification—the once-for-all cleansing from sin's guilt through Christ's blood (Titus 3:5, 'washing of regeneration'). The foot-washing (νίπτω) represents ongoing sanctification—daily cleansing from sin's defilement through confession and Spirit-empowered growth (1 John 1:9, 'If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us'). Believers are definitively cleansed (clean every whit—καθαρός ἐστιν ὅλος/katharos estin holos), yet require continual cleansing from worldly contamination.

The phrase ye are clean, but not all (ὑμεῖς καθαροί ἐστε, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ πάντες/hymeis katharoi este, all' ouchi pantes) introduces the sobering reality of Judas's presence. Among the Twelve, eleven had experienced regeneration's bath; one remained spiritually filthy despite outward proximity to Christ. External religious participation doesn't guarantee internal transformation.

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Historical & Cultural Context

First-century bathing customs illuminate Jesus's metaphor. After visiting the public baths (thermae), a Roman would return home with clean body but dusty feet from walking unpaved streets. Only feet required washing, not re-bathing. Jesus takes this common experience and transforms it into spiritual truth. Jewish purification rituals similarly distinguished complete immersion (mikveh) from partial washing. The once-for-all nature of justification contrasted with the Levitical system's endless repetition of sacrifices—a distinction Hebrews 10:11-14 emphasizes. Jesus's reference to one unclean disciple anticipates verse 11's explanation about Judas. Despite three years with Jesus, witnessing miracles, hearing teaching, Judas remained unregenerate—a warning against presuming external religion equals internal reality. The early church applied this verse both to initial baptism (the bath) and ongoing confession of sin (the foot-washing), seeing sacramental and pastoral implications.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding the distinction between definitive cleansing (justification) and ongoing cleansing (sanctification) affect your assurance of salvation and pursuit of holiness?
  2. What 'dust' accumulates on believers' feet through daily living in a fallen world, and how does Christ provide for its cleansing?
  3. What does Judas's presence among the disciples—outwardly identical but spiritually unclean—teach about the dangers of mere external religion?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 24 words
λέγει1 of 24

saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

αὐτῷ2 of 24

to him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

3 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς4 of 24

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

5 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

λελουμένος6 of 24

He that is washed

G3068

to bathe (the whole person; whereas g3538 means to wet a part only, and g4150 to wash, cleanse garments exclusively)

οὐ7 of 24

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

χρείαν8 of 24

needeth

G5532

employment, i.e., an affair; also (by implication) occasion, demand, requirement or destitution

ἔχει9 of 24
G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

10 of 24

save

G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

τοὺς11 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πόδας12 of 24

his feet

G4228

a "foot" (figuratively or literally)

νίψασθαι13 of 24

to wash

G3538

to cleanse (especially the hands or the feet or the face); ceremonially, to perform ablution

ἀλλ'14 of 24

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

ἔστιν15 of 24

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

καθαροί16 of 24

clean

G2513

clean (literally or figuratively)

ὅλος·17 of 24

every whit

G3650

"whole" or "all", i.e., complete (in extent, amount, time or degree), especially (neuter) as noun or adverb

καὶ18 of 24

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ὑμεῖς19 of 24

ye

G5210

you (as subjective of verb)

καθαροί20 of 24

clean

G2513

clean (literally or figuratively)

ἐστε21 of 24

are

G2075

ye are

ἀλλ'22 of 24

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

οὐχὶ23 of 24

not

G3780

not indeed

πάντες24 of 24

all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 13:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 13:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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