King James Version

What Does Job 30:6 Mean?

Job 30:6 in the King James Version says “To dwell in the clifts of the valleys, in caves of the earth, and in the rocks. caves: Heb. holes — study this verse from Job chapter 30 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

To dwell in the clifts of the valleys, in caves of the earth, and in the rocks. caves: Heb. holes

Job 30:6 · KJV


Context

4

Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their meat.

5

They were driven forth from among men, (they cried after them as after a thief;)

6

To dwell in the clifts of the valleys, in caves of the earth, and in the rocks. caves: Heb. holes

7

Among the bushes they brayed; under the nettles they were gathered together.

8

They were children of fools, yea, children of base men: they were viler than the earth. base: Heb. men of no name


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
To dwell in the clifts of the valleys (בַּעֲרוּץ נְחָלִים לִשְׁכֹּן)—The verb שָׁכַן (shakan, to dwell/settle) ironically describes non-settlement—living in arutz (עֲרוּץ, gorges/ravines), dry stream beds (נְחָלִים, nechalim) that become death traps in flash floods. In caves of the earth, and in the rocks (חֹרֵי עָפָר וְכֵפִים)—They shelter in chorei (חֹרֵי, holes/caves) and kefim (כֵפִים, rock crevices), spaces for animals, not humans.

The vocabulary evokes primordial chaos—humanity reduced to cave dwelling, the opposite of civilization's ordered space. Yet Scripture also honors caves as refuge: David fled to caves (1 Samuel 22:1), Elijah encountered God in one (1 Kings 19:9), and prophets hid in caves during persecution (Hebrews 11:38). The dwelling place doesn't determine dignity—God meets His people even in society's margins.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The hill country of ancient Israel contained numerous caves and rock shelters, many showing evidence of habitation during various periods. Outlaws, refugees, and the destitute often lived in these marginal spaces. Archaeological excavations reveal cave dwelling as survival strategy during periods of social collapse or persecution.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does biblical tradition both recognize caves as degradation and honor them as holy space?
  2. Where are modern 'caves and rocks' where the marginalized dwell, and how is God present there?
  3. What does it mean that God repeatedly meets His people in caves while they long for the city?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
בַּעֲר֣וּץ1 of 6

in the clifts

H6178

feared, i.e., (concretely) a horrible place or chasm

נְחָלִ֣ים2 of 6

of the valleys

H5158

a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)

לִשְׁכֹּ֑ן3 of 6

To dwell

H7931

to reside or permanently stay (literally or figuratively)

חֹרֵ֖י4 of 6

in caves

H2356

a cavity, socket, den

עָפָ֣ר5 of 6

of the earth

H6083

dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud

וְכֵפִֽים׃6 of 6

and in the rocks

H3710

a hollow rock


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 30:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 30:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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