King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 48:45 Mean?

They that fled stood under the shadow of Heshbon because of the force: but a fire shall come forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon, and shall devour the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones. tumultuous: Heb. children of noise

Jeremiah 48:45 · KJV


Context

43

Fear, and the pit, and the snare, shall be upon thee, O inhabitant of Moab, saith the LORD.

44

He that fleeth from the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that getteth up out of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for I will bring upon it, even upon Moab, the year of their visitation, saith the LORD.

45

They that fled stood under the shadow of Heshbon because of the force: but a fire shall come forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon, and shall devour the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones. tumultuous: Heb. children of noise

46

Woe be unto thee, O Moab! the people of Chemosh perisheth: for thy sons are taken captives, and thy daughters captives. captives, and: Heb. in captivity, etc

47

Yet will I bring again the captivity of Moab in the latter days, saith the LORD. Thus far is the judgment of Moab.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
They that fled stood under the shadow of Heshbon because of the force—refugees sought shelter in Heshbon, formerly a Moabite stronghold captured from Sihon the Amorite (Numbers 21:26-30). The Hebrew koach (כֹּחַ, force, strength) suggests they fled there expecting protection, exhausted and powerless (mi-koach, lacking strength).

But a fire shall come forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon—this directly quotes Numbers 21:28: 'For there is a fire gone out of Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon.' What was once Moab's victory (conquering Heshbon from Sihon) becomes the source of their destruction. The poetic justice is striking: the very city they trusted for refuge becomes the origin point of their annihilation.

And shall devour the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones—'corner' (pe'ah, פֵּאָה) likely means border regions or princes (cf. Numbers 24:17, which this echoes). 'Crown of the head' (qodqod, קָדְקֹד) represents the elite, the proud leaders. 'Tumultuous ones' (bene sha'on, בְּנֵי שָׁאוֹן, sons of tumult/uproar) characterizes Moab's arrogant, boastful leadership (see Jeremiah 48:29).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Heshbon (modern Hesban, Jordan) was strategically important, controlling the King's Highway trade route. Its history symbolized Moab's pride—they had taken it from the Amorites, then lost it to Israel, then apparently regained control by Jeremiah's day. That this stronghold would become the source of Moab's final destruction demonstrates divine irony. Archaeological excavations at Hesban show destruction layers from the Babylonian period, confirming the city's violent end. The citation of Numbers 21:28 creates a theological connection: just as fire once consumed Moab's Amorite enemies, now fire consumes Moab itself. The principle is consistent—pride precedes destruction (Proverbs 16:18).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's use of past victories (Heshbon) as the source of present judgment illustrate that human achievements offer no lasting security?
  2. What does the specific targeting of 'the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones' teach about God's attitude toward proud leadership?
  3. In what ways might our past successes become sources of false confidence that lead to spiritual complacency?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
בְּצֵ֥ל1 of 18

under the shadow

H6738

shade, whether literal or figurative

מֵחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן2 of 18

of Heshbon

H2809

cheshbon, a place east of the jordan

עָמְד֖וּ3 of 18

stood

H5975

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

מִכֹּ֣חַ4 of 18

because of the force

H3581

vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense) or figuratively (capacity, means, produce)

נָסִ֑ים5 of 18

They that fled

H5127

to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)

כִּֽי6 of 18
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אֵ֞שׁ7 of 18

but a fire

H784

fire (literally or figuratively)

יָצָ֣א8 of 18

shall come forth

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

מֵחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן9 of 18

of Heshbon

H2809

cheshbon, a place east of the jordan

וְלֶֽהָבָה֙10 of 18

and a flame

H3852

flame

מִבֵּ֣ין11 of 18

from the midst

H996

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

סִיח֔וֹן12 of 18

of Sihon

H5511

sichon, an amoritish king

וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙13 of 18

and shall devour

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

פְּאַ֣ת14 of 18

the corner

H6285

properly, mouth in a figurative sense, i.e., direction, region, extremity

מוֹאָ֔ב15 of 18

of Moab

H4124

moab, an incestuous son of lot; also his territory and descendants

וְקָדְקֹ֖ד16 of 18

and the crown of the head

H6936

the crown of the head (as the part most bowed)

בְּנֵ֥י17 of 18

ones

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

שָׁאֽוֹן׃18 of 18

of the tumultuous

H7588

uproar (as of rushing); by implication, destruction


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 48:45 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 48:45 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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