King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 31:22 Mean?

Jeremiah 31:22 in the King James Version says “How long wilt thou go about, O thou backsliding daughter? for the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth, A woman sh... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

How long wilt thou go about, O thou backsliding daughter? for the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth, A woman shall compass a man.

Jeremiah 31:22 · KJV


Context

20

Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? for since I spake against him, I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the LORD. are: Heb. sound

21

Set thee up waymarks, make thee high heaps: set thine heart toward the highway, even the way which thou wentest: turn again, O virgin of Israel, turn again to these thy cities.

22

How long wilt thou go about, O thou backsliding daughter? for the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth, A woman shall compass a man.

23

Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; As yet they shall use this speech in the land of Judah and in the cities thereof, when I shall bring again their captivity; The LORD bless thee, O habitation of justice, and mountain of holiness.

24

And there shall dwell in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together, husbandmen, and they that go forth with flocks.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
How long wilt thou go about, O thou backsliding daughter? for the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth, A woman shall compass a man. This enigmatic verse challenges Israel's wavering and announces unprecedented divine action. How long wilt thou go about uses chamaq (חָמַק), meaning to turn away, wander aimlessly, or avoid. God confronts Israel's indecision—oscillating between repentance and rebellion, unable to commit. O thou backsliding daughter (הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה, ha-bat ha-shovevah) uses shuv in its negative sense: apostate, wayward, turning away from covenant.

For the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth announces divine initiative that breaks historical patterns. Created (bara, בָּרָא) is the same verb used in Genesis 1:1—God bringing into existence what previously did not exist. A new thing (chadashah, חֲדָשָׁה, feminine) is unprecedented, not mere repetition. The phrase A woman shall compass a man (נְקֵבָה תְּסוֹבֵב גָּבֶר, neqevah tesovev gaver) has challenged interpreters for millennia. Tesovev (surround, encompass, protect) and the reversal of normal gender roles suggest radical new reality.

Christian interpretation traditionally sees messianic prophecy: the virgin birth, where a woman (Mary) encompasses/contains the man (Christ the God-man) in her womb. Others see the new covenant reversing Israel's unfaithfulness—the weak (woman) protecting the strong (man) pictures God's transforming power. The 'new thing' is certainly the New Covenant of vv. 31-34, inaugurated by Christ.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This verse sits at the heart of Jeremiah's 'Book of Consolation' (chapters 30-33), transitioning from promises of return to promises of the New Covenant. The 'new thing' God creates transcends mere return from Babylon—it requires divine intervention creating new hearts (v. 33), new relationship with God, and ultimately a new creation. The virgin birth represents the supreme 'new thing'—God becoming man, inaugurating the New Covenant in His blood. The early church fathers unanimously interpreted this verse messianically, seeing Mary's conception of Jesus as the unprecedented 'woman encompassing a man.'

Reflection Questions

  1. How does our tendency to 'go about' (waver in commitment) delay experiencing God's 'new thing' for our lives?
  2. What does it mean that God must 'create' (bara) something new rather than merely improve what exists?
  3. In what ways does the virgin birth and incarnation represent the ultimate 'new thing' that reverses the curse and enables covenant restoration?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
עַד1 of 13
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

מָתַי֙2 of 13
H4970

properly, extent (of time); but used only adverbially (especially with other particle prefixes), when (either relative or interrogative)

תִּתְחַמָּקִ֔ין3 of 13

How long wilt thou go about

H2559

properly, to wrap; hence, to depart (i.e., turn about)

הַבַּ֖ת4 of 13

daughter

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

הַשּֽׁוֹבֵבָ֑ה5 of 13

O thou backsliding

H7728

apostate, i.e., heathenish or (actually) heathen

כִּֽי6 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

בָרָ֨א7 of 13

hath created

H1254

(absolutely) to create; (qualified) to cut down (a wood), select, feed (as formative processes)

יְהוָ֤ה8 of 13

for the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

חֲדָשָׁה֙9 of 13

a new thing

H2319

new

בָּאָ֔רֶץ10 of 13

in the earth

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

נְקֵבָ֖ה11 of 13

A woman

H5347

female (from the sexual form)

תְּס֥וֹבֵֽב12 of 13

shall compass

H5437

to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively

גָּֽבֶר׃13 of 13

a man

H1397

properly, a valiant man or warrior; generally, a person simply


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 31:22 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 31:22 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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