King James Version

What Does Isaiah 5:10 Mean?

Isaiah 5:10 in the King James Version says “Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah. — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.

Isaiah 5:10 · KJV


Context

8

Woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field to field, till there be no place, that they may be placed alone in the midst of the earth! they: Heb. ye

9

In mine ears said the LORD of hosts, Of a truth many houses shall be desolate, even great and fair, without inhabitant. In: or, This is in mine ears, saith the LORD, etc Of a: Heb. If not, etc

10

Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.

11

Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, till wine inflame them! inflame: of, pursue

12

And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine, are in their feasts: but they regard not the work of the LORD, neither consider the operation of his hands.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The curse of agricultural futility—ten acres yielding one bath (6 gallons), a homer of seed producing only an ephah (tenth of original)—depicts covenant curse where labor proves fruitless (Deuteronomy 28:38-40). The dramatic disproportion (90% loss) shows divine judgment nullifying human effort. This illustrates the principle that apart from God's blessing, toil is vain (Psalm 127:1), and anticipates Jesus' teaching on abiding in Him for fruitfulness (John 15:4-5).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Agricultural economy made crop failure catastrophic. Such severe losses would result in famine, fulfilling prophetic warnings and demonstrating dependence on divine provision.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'vineyards' of effort in our lives yield minimal return due to lack of divine blessing?
  2. How does recognizing God's sovereignty over fruitfulness shape our approach to work?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
כִּ֗י1 of 11

Yea

H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

עֲשֶׂ֙רֶת֙2 of 11

ten

H6235

ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)

צִמְדֵּי3 of 11

acres

H6776

a yoke or team (i.e., pair); hence, an acre (i.e., day's task for a yoke of cattle to plough)

כֶ֔רֶם4 of 11

of vineyard

H3754

a garden or vineyard

יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה5 of 11

shall yield

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

בַּ֣ת6 of 11

bath

H1324

a bath or hebrew measure (as a means of division) of liquids

אֶחָ֑ת7 of 11

one

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

וְזֶ֥רַע8 of 11

and the seed

H2233

seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity

חֹ֖מֶר9 of 11

of an homer

H2563

properly, a bubbling up, i.e., of water, a wave; hence, a chomer or dry measure

יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה10 of 11

shall yield

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

אֵיפָֽה׃11 of 11

an ephah

H374

an ephah or measure for grain; hence, a measure in general


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 5:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 5:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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