King James Version

What Does Genesis 36:39 Mean?

Genesis 36:39 in the King James Version says “And Baalhanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's n...” — study this verse from Genesis chapter 36 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“And Baalhanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. Hadar, Pau: or, Hadad, Pai: after his death was an Aristocracy”

Genesis 36:39 · KJV

Context

37

And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead.

38

And Saul died, and Baalhanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead.

39

And Baalhanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. Hadar, Pau: or, Hadad, Pai: after his death was an Aristocracy

40

And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth, Alvah: or, Aliah

41

Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon,

Read Genesis 36 full chapter

Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Baal-hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was ... This passage belongs to the Jacob narratives which demonstrate God's sovereign election overriding human merit and the transformation of a deceiver into Israel, the father of the twelve tribes. The Jacob cycle shows how divine purposes advance through flawed individuals whom God graciously transforms.

Key themes include God's sovereign choice ("the older shall serve the younger"), the consequences of deception and family dysfunction, exile and return patterns, wrestling with God leading to blessing, and covenant renewal across generations. Jacob's character development from manipulative deceiver to mature patriarch demonstrates sanctification's lifelong process.

Theologically significant aspects include: (1) divine election based on grace not merit (Romans 9:10-13); (2) God's faithfulness to covenant promises despite human unfaithfulness; (3) discipline as evidence of divine love and means of transformation; (4) generational patterns of sin requiring divine intervention to break; (5) prayer and wrestling with God as legitimate expressions of faith. Jacob's limp after wrestling God symbolizes how divine encounters leave permanent marks, transforming our approach to life and dependence on God rather than our own cunning.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse deepen our understanding of God's character and His relationship with creation?
  2. How can we apply the principles from this passage to contemporary challenges in family, work, or church?
  3. What connections can we trace from this verse to Jesus' life, death, and resurrection?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
וַיָּמָת֮1 of 19

“died”

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

בַּ֣עַל2 of 19
H0
חָנָ֣ן3 of 19

“And Baalhanan”

H1177

baal-chanan, the name of an edomite, also of an israelite

בֶּן4 of 19

“the son”

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

עַכְבּוֹר֒5 of 19

“of Achbor”

H5907

akbor, the name of an idumaean and of two israelites

וַיִּמְלֹ֤ךְ6 of 19

“reigned”

H4427

to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel

תַּחְתָּיו֙7 of 19
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

הֲדַ֔ר8 of 19

“and Hadar”

H1924

hadar, an edomite

וְשֵׁ֨ם9 of 19

“in his stead and the name”

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

עִיר֖וֹ10 of 19

“of his city”

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

פָּ֑עוּ11 of 19

“was Pau”

H6464

pau or pai, a place in edom

וְשֵׁ֨ם12 of 19

“in his stead and the name”

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

אִשְׁתּ֤וֹ13 of 19

“and his wife's”

H802

a woman

מְהֵֽיטַבְאֵל֙14 of 19

“was Mehetabel”

H4105

mehetabel, the name of an edomitish man and woman

בַּ֖ת15 of 19

“the daughter”

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

מַטְרֵ֔ד16 of 19

“of Matred”

H4308

matred, an edomitess

בַּ֖ת17 of 19

“the daughter”

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

מֵ֥י18 of 19
H0
זָהָֽב׃19 of 19

“of Mezahab”

H4314

me-zahab, an edomite

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 36:39 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 36:39 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Exodus 15:151 Chronicles 1:50

Places in This Verse

MezahabSpecial Place · Modern: Ad Duhaybah · 31.81°N, 36.05°E2 verses across 2 books
PauSettlement · Modern: Wadi Fai · 31.12°N, 35.19°E2 verses across 2 books
View all places in Genesis 36 →

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