King James Version

What Does Genesis 3:20 Mean?

Genesis 3:20 in the King James Version says “And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. Eve: Heb. Chavah: that is Living — study this verse from Genesis chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. Eve: Heb. Chavah: that is Living

Genesis 3:20 · KJV


Context

18

Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; bring: Heb. cause to bud

19

In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.

20

And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. Eve: Heb. Chavah: that is Living

21

Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins, and clothed them.

22

And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living.... This chapter narrates humanity's tragic fall from innocence through temptation, sin, and divine judgment. The serpent's subtle questioning of God's word, Eve's addition to and misquotation of God's command, and Adam's passive participation demonstrate the progression from doubt to disobedience to disaster.

The consequences affect every dimension of human existence: spiritual death (separation from God), physical death (mortality), relational dysfunction (shame, blame, conflict), vocational difficulty (cursed ground, painful labor), and cosmic disruption (groaning creation). Yet within the curses, God provides gracious provisions: proto-evangelium promise of redemption, clothing to cover shame, and preservation of life despite deserved death.

Theologically, this chapter establishes the origin and nature of sin, the reality of Satan's activity, the universality of human fallenness, the justice of divine judgment, and the necessity of redemption. Understanding the fall illuminates why the world contains suffering and evil, why humans rebel against God, why salvation requires divine intervention, and how Christ as the second Adam reverses the first Adam's failure (Romans 5:12-21, 1 Corinthians 15:22, 45).

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Historical & Cultural Context

The serpent in Genesis 3 reflects ancient Near Eastern associations between serpents and chaos, evil, or deceptive wisdom. Unlike pagan myths where serpents might be deified, Genesis presents the serpent as a mere creature, though Satan's instrument (Revelation 12:9, 20:2). Ancient curse formulas from various cultures parallel God's pronouncements, but Genesis uniquely embeds redemptive promise within judgment.

The agricultural curses (thorns, sweat, difficult labor) would have resonated deeply with ancient subsistence farmers for whom crop failure meant starvation. The pain in childbearing acknowledges a universal female experience that ancient cultures attributed to various causes, but Genesis traces it to sin's consequences rather than divine cruelty or inherent evil in creation or sexuality.

Archaeological evidence of humanity's ancient struggles with agriculture, disease, death, and violence aligns with Genesis's portrayal of a fallen world. Ancient wisdom literature from Mesopotamia and Egypt grappled with suffering's origins, but Genesis alone provides the theological explanation: human rebellion against God brought cosmic corruption. This account would have answered Israelite questions about why their promised land required hard labor, why they suffered pain and death, and why they needed redemption.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does this passage reveal about God's sovereignty and human responsibility?
  2. How does this passage challenge modern cultural assumptions about identity, purpose, or morality?
  3. How does this passage point forward to Christ and the gospel of redemption?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַיִּקְרָ֧א1 of 11

called

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

הָֽאָדָ֛ם2 of 11

And Adam

H120

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

שֵׁ֥ם3 of 11

name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ4 of 11

his wife's

H802

a woman

חַוָּ֑ה5 of 11

Eve

H2332

eve (or chavvah), the first woman

כִּ֛י6 of 11
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

הִ֥וא7 of 11
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

הָֽיְתָ֖ה8 of 11
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

אֵ֥ם9 of 11

because she was the mother

H517

a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])

כָּל10 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

חָֽי׃11 of 11

of all living

H2416

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 3:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 3:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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