King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 31:16 Mean?

Deuteronomy 31:16 in the King James Version says “And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring ... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land, whither they go to be among them, and will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them. sleep: Heb. lie down

Deuteronomy 31:16 · KJV


Context

14

And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thy days approach that thou must die: call Joshua, and present yourselves in the tabernacle of the congregation, that I may give him a charge. And Moses and Joshua went, and presented themselves in the tabernacle of the congregation.

15

And the LORD appeared in the tabernacle in a pillar of a cloud: and the pillar of the cloud stood over the door of the tabernacle.

16

And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land, whither they go to be among them, and will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them. sleep: Heb. lie down

17

Then my anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide my face from them, and they shall be devoured, and many evils and troubles shall befall them; so that they will say in that day, Are not these evils come upon us, because our God is not among us? befall: Heb. find

18

And I will surely hide my face in that day for all the evils which they shall have wrought, in that they are turned unto other gods.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers—the euphemism for death emphasizes rest and reunion. And this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land—God's prophecy of inevitable apostasy. The sexual metaphor zanah (זָנָה, 'commit fornication') depicted idolatry as spiritual adultery, violating the exclusive covenant relationship. And will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them—the predicted rebellion would constitute covenant violation.

God's foreknowledge of Israel's failure didn't excuse their sin or negate their responsibility—prophesying unfaithfulness didn't cause it. This sobering prediction framed Israel's subsequent history: Judges through 2 Kings chronicles the pattern of apostasy-judgment-repentance-deliverance repeatedly. Yet God's foreknowledge also demonstrated His commitment to persevere despite Israel's failures, ultimately providing the faithful Israelite (Christ) who perfectly kept covenant and secured redemption for covenant-breakers.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Spoken circa 1406 BC as warning about post-conquest temptations. The prediction proved tragically accurate: within one generation after Joshua's death, Israel adopted Canaanite Baal worship (Judges 2:11-13). Periods of faithfulness under good kings alternated with idolatry under wicked kings, culminating in Assyrian conquest of Israel (722 BC) and Babylonian exile of Judah (586 BC). Hosea and Ezekiel used the adultery metaphor extensively, showing Israel's persistent covenant-breaking despite prophetic warnings.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's foreknowledge of Israel's failure demonstrate both His omniscience and their genuine moral agency?
  2. Why does Scripture use marital/sexual metaphors for covenant faithfulness and idolatry?
  3. What patterns of spiritual adultery (mixed loyalties, worldly compromise) threaten Christians and churches today?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 28 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר1 of 28

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

יְהוָה֙2 of 28

And the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶל3 of 28
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֹשֶׁ֔ה4 of 28

unto Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

הִנְּךָ֥5 of 28
H2009

lo!

שֹׁכֵ֖ב6 of 28

Behold thou shalt sleep

H7901

to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)

עִם7 of 28
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ8 of 28

with thy fathers

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

וְקָם֩9 of 28

will rise up

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

הָעָ֨ם10 of 28

and this people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

הַזֶּ֜ה11 of 28
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

וְזָנָ֣ה׀12 of 28

and go a whoring

H2181

to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (

אַֽחֲרֵ֣י׀13 of 28

after

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

אֱלֹהֵ֣י14 of 28

the gods

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

נֵֽכַר15 of 28

of the strangers

H5236

foreign, or (concretely) a foreigner, or (abstractly) heathendom

הָאָ֗רֶץ16 of 28

of the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

אֲשֶׁ֨ר17 of 28
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

ה֤וּא18 of 28
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

בָא19 of 28

whither they go

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

שָׁ֙מָּה֙20 of 28
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ21 of 28

to be among

H7130

properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)

וַֽעֲזָבַ֕נִי22 of 28

them and will forsake

H5800

to loosen, i.e., relinquish, permit, etc

וְהֵפֵר֙23 of 28

me and break

H6565

to break up (usually figuratively), i.e., to violate, frustrate

אֶת24 of 28
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בְּרִיתִ֔י25 of 28

my covenant

H1285

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

אֲשֶׁ֥ר26 of 28
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

כָּרַ֖תִּי27 of 28

which I have made

H3772

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt

אִתּֽוֹ׃28 of 28
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 31:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 31:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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