King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 25:14 Mean?

Deuteronomy 25:14 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt not have in thine house divers measures , a great and a small. divers: Heb. an ephah and an ephah — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 25 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt not have in thine house divers measures , a great and a small. divers: Heb. an ephah and an ephah

Deuteronomy 25:14 · KJV


Context

12

Then thou shalt cut off her hand, thine eye shall not pity her.

13

Thou shalt not have in thy bag divers weights , a great and a small. divers: Heb. a stone and a stone

14

Thou shalt not have in thine house divers measures , a great and a small. divers: Heb. an ephah and an ephah

15

But thou shalt have a perfect and just weight, a perfect and just measure shalt thou have: that thy days may be lengthened in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.

16

For all that do such things, and all that do unrighteously, are an abomination unto the LORD thy God.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt not have in thine house divers measures, a great and a small—extending the prohibition from portable weights (bag) to household measures (containers for dry goods). The Hebrew ephah ve-ephah (אֵיפָה וְאֵיפָה) literally means 'ephah and ephah,' referring to the standard dry measure (about 22 liters). Like the bag of diverse weights, multiple measures enabled fraud—large measures for receiving payment, small ones for delivering goods.

The home reference indicates many Israelites would operate small-scale businesses from their residences—baking, brewing, weaving, oil-pressing. The law reached into private enterprise, making commercial honesty a household obligation, not merely public marketplace standard. Proverbs 20:10 condemns both 'diverse weights and diverse measures,' calling them 'abomination to the LORD'—strong language equating fraud with idolatry and sexual immorality.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Spoken circa 1406 BC in preparation for settled economic life. The ephah (dry measure) and bath (liquid measure) were standard units, though regional variation existed. Without central authority standardizing measures, integrity depended on individual conscience and community enforcement. Israel's law made God the standard-setter and judge of commercial ethics, a radical concept in ancient markets where caveat emptor ruled and deities rarely concerned themselves with weights and measures.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does God care about weights and measures? How does commercial fraud connect to spiritual faithfulness?
  2. What 'divers measures' might Christians be tempted to use—different standards for themselves versus others?
  3. How does marketplace integrity witness to God's character in unbelieving communities?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
לֹֽא1 of 8
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִהְיֶ֥ה2 of 8
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לְךָ֛3 of 8
H0
בְּבֵֽיתְךָ֖4 of 8

Thou shalt not have in thine house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

וְאֵיפָ֑ה5 of 8

divers measures

H374

an ephah or measure for grain; hence, a measure in general

וְאֵיפָ֑ה6 of 8

divers measures

H374

an ephah or measure for grain; hence, a measure in general

גְּדוֹלָ֖ה7 of 8

a great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

וּקְטַנָּֽה׃8 of 8

and a small

H6996

abbreviated, i.e., diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or figuratively (in age or importance)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 25:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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