King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 21:22 Mean?

Deuteronomy 21:22 in the King James Version says “And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree: — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree:

Deuteronomy 21:22 · KJV


Context

20

And they shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son is stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton, and a drunkard.

21

And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, that he die: so shalt thou put evil away from among you; and all Israel shall hear, and fear.

22

And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree:

23

His body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him that day; (for he that is hanged is accursed of God;) that thy land be not defiled, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance. accursed: Heb. the curse of God


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree—The Hebrew chet mishpat-mavet ("sin worthy of death," literally "sin of judgment of death") indicates capital crimes under Mosaic law. Talita oto al-ets ("hang him on a tree") describes post-execution public display, not execution by hanging. Ancient Israel executed by stoning or the sword; hanging the corpse on a tree was additional public disgrace.

This law directly prefigures Christ's crucifixion. Paul declares: "Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree" (Galatians 3:13), quoting verse 23. Jesus bore the covenant curse—public shame, divine rejection, substitutionary death—to redeem lawbreakers. Peter likewise references this: "Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree" (1 Peter 2:24).

The phrase ets (tree/wood) connects Eden's tree of knowledge (rebellion's origin) to Calvary's cross (rebellion's remedy). The cursed tree becomes the means of blessing, as the bronze serpent lifted up brought healing (Numbers 21:9; John 3:14-15).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Hanging executed criminals on trees or posts served as public warning in the ancient Near East. Assyrian, Persian, and Roman sources describe similar practices. For Israel, this wasn't the method of execution but post-mortem display amplifying shame and deterring crime. The reference to "a tree" (ets) could mean a living tree or a wooden stake/pole. Roman crucifixion, developed later, combined execution and hanging on wood in one act. When Jesus was crucified, Jewish authorities recognized the Deuteronomic curse being enacted, unknowingly fulfilling prophetic typology (John 19:31).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the typology of the cursed tree deepen your understanding of Christ's substitutionary atonement—bearing not just our sins but the covenant curse itself?
  2. In what ways does the transformation from curse to blessing, from death tree to life-giving cross, illuminate the gospel's power to reverse the effects of the fall?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וְכִֽי1 of 11
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יִהְיֶ֣ה2 of 11
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בְאִ֗ישׁ3 of 11

And if a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

חֵ֛טְא4 of 11

have committed a sin

H2399

a crime or its penalty

מִשְׁפַּט5 of 11

worthy of

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

מָ֖וֶת6 of 11

death

H4194

death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin

וְהוּמָ֑ת7 of 11

and he be to be put to death

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

וְתָלִ֥יתָ8 of 11

and thou hang

H8518

to suspend (especially to gibbet)

אֹת֖וֹ9 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

עַל10 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

עֵֽץ׃11 of 11

him on a tree

H6086

a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 21:22 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 21:22 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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