King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 1:5 Mean?

Deuteronomy 1:5 in the King James Version says “On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses to declare this law, saying, — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses to declare this law, saying,

Deuteronomy 1:5 · KJV


Context

3

And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the LORD had given him in commandment unto them;

4

After he had slain Sihon the king of the Amorites, which dwelt in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, which dwelt at Astaroth in Edrei:

5

On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses to declare this law, saying,

6

The LORD our God spake unto us in Horeb, saying, Ye have dwelt long enough in this mount:

7

Turn you, and take your journey, and go to the mount of the Amorites, and unto all the places nigh thereunto, in the plain, in the hills, and in the vale, and in the south, and by the sea side, to the land of the Canaanites, and unto Lebanon, unto the great river, the river Euphrates. all: Heb. all his neighbours


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses to declare this law, saying,

The Hebrew be'eber haYarden ("on this side Jordan") indicates the east bank, in the plains of Moab opposite Jericho. Be'ar ("declare") means to make clear, explain, or expound - not merely recite but interpret and apply. Torah ("law") encompasses instruction, teaching, and covenant stipulations, not just legal codes but comprehensive divine guidance for covenant life.

This geographical and pedagogical introduction frames Deuteronomy as Moses' exposition of the law to the second generation before entering Canaan. Unlike the first giving at Sinai (Exodus 19-24), this is pastoral application for those who will possess the land. Moses functions as covenant mediator, teacher, and prophet, preparing Israel for life without his leadership.

The phrase "began Moses" (ho'il Moshe) can also mean "Moses undertook" or "Moses was willing," suggesting intentional, purposeful teaching. This isn't mere repetition but contextualized instruction for new circumstances. Deuteronomy's covenant renewal format parallels ancient Near Eastern suzerainty treaties, with historical prologue, stipulations, blessings, and curses - a legal framework Israel's audience would recognize.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Deuteronomy's events occur circa 1406 BCE (traditional dating) or 1250 BCE (late exodus dating) in the plains of Moab, just before Israel's Jordan crossing into Canaan. The forty years of wilderness wandering have elapsed; the exodus generation has died (except Caleb and Joshua). This new generation needs covenant instruction for the radically different challenges of settled agrarian life in Canaan versus nomadic wilderness existence.

The Trans-Jordan location is significant - Israel has already conquered the Amorite kingdoms of Sihon and Og (Deuteronomy 2-3), giving the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh their inheritance east of Jordan. Moses speaks from this position of initial victory but cannot himself enter the Promised Land due to his sin at Meribah (Numbers 20:12).

Ancient Near Eastern treaty documents provide remarkable parallels to Deuteronomy's structure, particularly Hittite suzerainty treaties (14th-13th centuries BCE). The "declare" or "expound" language indicates Moses is providing interpretive commentary, applying Sinaitic law to Canaanite settlement scenarios. This teaching ministry establishes a pattern for Scripture's ongoing interpretation and application across changing historical contexts.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Moses' role as expositor and interpreter of the law inform our approach to biblical interpretation and application today?
  2. What significance does the geographical setting (Trans-Jordan, threshold of the Promised Land) hold for understanding Deuteronomy's theological message?
  3. How does Deuteronomy's covenant renewal structure help us understand the relationship between Old Testament law and New Testament grace?
  4. In what ways does Moses' preparation of the second generation parallel the Church's responsibility to disciple successive generations of believers?
  5. How should the contextualized nature of Deuteronomy's teaching shape our understanding of timeless principles versus cultural applications in Scripture?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
בְּעֵ֥בֶר1 of 11

On this side

H5676

properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the jordan; ususally meaning

הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן2 of 11

Jordan

H3383

jarden, the principal river of palestine

בְּאֶ֣רֶץ3 of 11

in the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

מוֹאָ֑ב4 of 11

of Moab

H4124

moab, an incestuous son of lot; also his territory and descendants

הוֹאִ֣יל5 of 11

began

H2974

properly, to yield, especially assent; hence (pos.) to undertake as an act of volition

מֹשֶׁ֔ה6 of 11

Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

בֵּאֵ֛ר7 of 11

to declare

H874

to dig; by analogy, to engrave; figuratively, to explain

אֶת8 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַתּוֹרָ֥ה9 of 11

this law

H8451

a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch

הַזֹּ֖את10 of 11
H2063

this (often used adverb)

לֵאמֹֽר׃11 of 11

saying

H559

to say (used with great latitude)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 1:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 1:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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