King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 3:20 Mean?

2 Samuel 3:20 in the King James Version says “So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast. — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast.

2 Samuel 3:20 · KJV


Context

18

Now then do it: for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.

19

And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin.

20

So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast.

21

And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.

22

And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Abner Defects and Dies, emphasizing political maneuvering, revenge consequences. This chapter illustrates the complexity of political transition and personal revenge. Abner's defection using covenant language (brit, בְּרִית) contrasts with Joab's treacherous murder, demonstrating how personal vengeance undermines national purposes. The text develops themes of legitimate vs illegitimate authority, the corrupting power of revenge, and maintaining integrity when others act unethically.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 3 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding political maneuvering, revenge consequences provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of political maneuvering, revenge consequences?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וַיָּבֹ֨א1 of 15

came

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

לְאַבְנֵ֛ר2 of 15

Abner

H74

abner, an israelite

אֶל3 of 15
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

דָּוִ֧ד4 of 15

to David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

חֶבְר֔וֹן5 of 15

to Hebron

H2275

chebron, the name of two israelites

וְאִתּ֖וֹ6 of 15
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

עֶשְׂרִ֣ים7 of 15

and twenty

H6242

twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

אֲנָשִׁ֑ים8 of 15
H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

וַיַּ֨עַשׂ9 of 15

made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

דָּוִ֧ד10 of 15

to David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

לְאַבְנֵ֛ר11 of 15

Abner

H74

abner, an israelite

וְלַֽאֲנָשִׁ֥ים12 of 15
H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֲשֶׁר13 of 15
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אִתּ֖וֹ14 of 15
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

מִשְׁתֶּֽה׃15 of 15

that were with him a feast

H4960

drink, by implication, drinking (the act); also (by implication) a banquet or (generally) feast


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 3:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 3:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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