King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 13:19 Mean?

2 Samuel 13:19 in the King James Version says “And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, ... — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went on crying.

2 Samuel 13:19 · KJV


Context

17

Then he called his servant that ministered unto him, and said, Put now this woman out from me, and bolt the door after her.

18

And she had a garment of divers colours upon her: for with such robes were the king's daughters that were virgins apparelled. Then his servant brought her out, and bolted the door after her.

19

And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went on crying.

20

And Absalom her brother said unto her, Hath Amnon thy brother been with thee? but hold now thy peace, my sister: he is thy brother; regard not this thing. So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom's house. Amnon: Heb. Aminon regard: Heb. set not thy heart desolate: Heb. and desolate

21

But when king David heard of all these things, he was very wroth.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went on crying.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Amnon and Tamar, emphasizing unresolved sin, family breakdown. Amnon's rape of Tamar and Absalom's revenge illustrate how unresolved sin metastasizes into family-wide dysfunction. David's failure to discipline Amnon (possibly from guilt over his own sexual sin) enabled further tragedy. Hebrew terminology emphasizes Tamar's desolation and Absalom's calculated hatred. The narrative demonstrates intergenerational sin consequences and the necessity of proper justice administration.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 13 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding unresolved sin, family breakdown provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of unresolved sin, family breakdown?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
וַתִּקַּ֨ח1 of 17

put

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

תָּמָ֥ר2 of 17

And Tamar

H8559

tamar, the name of three women and a place

אֵ֙פֶר֙3 of 17

ashes

H665

ashes

עַל4 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

רֹאשָׁ֔הּ5 of 17

on her head

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

וּכְתֹ֧נֶת6 of 17

her garment

H3801

a shirt

הַפַּסִּ֛ים7 of 17

of divers colours

H6446

a long and sleeved tunic (perhaps simply a wide one; from the original sense of the root, i.e., of many breadths)

אֲשֶׁ֥ר8 of 17
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

עָלֶ֖יהָ9 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

קָרָ֑עָה10 of 17

and rent

H7167

to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)

וַתָּ֤שֶׂם11 of 17

that was on her and laid

H7760

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

יָדָהּ֙12 of 17

her hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

עַל13 of 17
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

רֹאשָׁ֔הּ14 of 17

on her head

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

הָל֖וֹךְ15 of 17

on

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

הָל֖וֹךְ16 of 17

on

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

וְזָעָֽקָה׃17 of 17

crying

H2199

to shriek (from anguish or danger); by analogy, (as a herald) to announce or convene publicly


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 13:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 13:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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