King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 19:1 Mean?

1 Samuel 19:1 in the King James Version says “And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David.

1 Samuel 19:1 · KJV


Context

1

And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David.

2

But Jonathan Saul's son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself:

3

And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art, and I will commune with my father of thee; and what I see, that I will tell thee.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David.

Saul's command to Jonathan 'that they should kill David' elevated private attempts to official policy. The Hebrew muth (death/murder) indicates lethal intent now shared with servants and heir. By including Jonathan, Saul tested his son's loyalty and implicated others in his sin. The conspiracy made David's position critical while forcing Jonathan to choose between father and friend.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Royal commands to execute individuals carried legal authority in ancient monarchies. Involving multiple parties created complicity and reduced likelihood of intervention. Saul's inclusion of Jonathan assumed the heir would share royal interests over personal bonds.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you navigate when authority figures command what conscience forbids?
  2. What does Saul's inclusion of Jonathan teach about how sin seeks to involve others in guilt?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר1 of 17

spake

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

שָׁא֔וּל2 of 17

And Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

אֶל3 of 17
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

וִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙4 of 17

to Jonathan

H3129

jonathan, the name of ten israelites

בֶּן5 of 17

his son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

וְאֶל6 of 17
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

כָּל7 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

עֲבָדָ֔יו8 of 17

and to all his servants

H5650

a servant

לְהָמִ֖ית9 of 17

that they should kill

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

אֶת10 of 17
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בְּדָוִ֖ד11 of 17

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

וִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙12 of 17

to Jonathan

H3129

jonathan, the name of ten israelites

בֶּן13 of 17

his son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

שָׁא֔וּל14 of 17

And Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

חָפֵ֥ץ15 of 17
H2654

properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire

בְּדָוִ֖ד16 of 17

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

מְאֹֽד׃17 of 17
H3966

properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 19:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 19:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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