King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 1:2 Mean?

1 Samuel 1:2 in the King James Version says “And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

1 Samuel 1:2 · KJV


Context

1

Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite:

2

And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

3

And this man went up out of his city yearly to worship and to sacrifice unto the LORD of hosts in Shiloh. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the LORD, were there. yearly: Heb. from year to year

4

And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The introduction of Elkanah's two wives immediately signals domestic tension that drives the narrative. Hannah's name means 'grace' or 'favor,' while Peninnah means 'pearl' or 'coral.' The stark contrast between Peninnah's fertility and Hannah's barrenness echoes earlier matriarchal struggles (Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel). In ancient Near Eastern culture, a woman's primary value was measured by her ability to bear children, particularly sons. This cultural context intensifies Hannah's anguish and makes God's subsequent intervention more remarkable.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Polygamy, while permitted in ancient Israel, consistently produced family strife in biblical narratives (Abraham-Sarah-Hagar, Jacob-Leah-Rachel). The practice was tolerated but never endorsed as God's ideal for marriage (Genesis 2:24). Archaeological evidence confirms that polygamy was common among wealthy households in Iron Age Israel.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Scripture's honest portrayal of family dysfunction encourage believers facing similar struggles?
  2. What does Hannah's situation teach about finding identity and worth in God rather than cultural expectations?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וְלוֹ֙1 of 15
H0
שְׁתֵּ֣י2 of 15

And he had two

H8147

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

נָשִׁ֔ים3 of 15

wives

H802

a woman

וְשֵׁ֥ם4 of 15

and the name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

אַחַת֙5 of 15

of the one

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

וּלְחַנָּ֖ה6 of 15

but Hannah

H2584

channah, an israelitess

וְשֵׁ֥ם7 of 15

and the name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית8 of 15

of the other

H8145

properly, double, i.e., second; also adverbially, again

לִפְנִנָּה֙9 of 15

Peninnah

H6444

peninnah, an israelitess

וַיְהִ֤י10 of 15
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לִפְנִנָּה֙11 of 15

Peninnah

H6444

peninnah, an israelitess

יְלָדִֽים׃12 of 15

had children

H3206

something born, i.e., a lad or offspring

וּלְחַנָּ֖ה13 of 15

but Hannah

H2584

channah, an israelitess

אֵ֥ין14 of 15
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

יְלָדִֽים׃15 of 15

had children

H3206

something born, i.e., a lad or offspring


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 1:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 1:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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