King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 4:23 Mean?

1 Kings 4:23 in the King James Version says “Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and... — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl.

1 Kings 4:23 · KJV


Context

21

And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt: they brought presents, and served Solomon all the days of his life.

22

And Solomon's provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour, and threescore measures of meal, provision: Heb. bread measures: Heb. cors

23

Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl.

24

For he had dominion over all the region on this side the river, from Tiphsah even to Azzah, over all the kings on this side the river: and he had peace on all sides round about him.

25

And Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under his fig tree, from Dan even to Beersheba, all the days of Solomon. safely: Heb. confidently


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's administration and prosperity, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the temple as God's dwelling place help us understand Christ's incarnation and the church as God's temple today?
  2. What does Solomon's prayer and dedication teach about approaching God in worship and prayer?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
עֲשָׂרָ֨ה1 of 14

Ten

H6235

ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)

בָּקָ֛ר2 of 14

oxen

H1241

a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd

בְּרִאִ֗ים3 of 14

fat

H1277

fatted or plump

וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים4 of 14

and twenty

H6242

twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

בָּקָ֛ר5 of 14

oxen

H1241

a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd

רְעִ֖י6 of 14

out of the pastures

H7471

pasture

וּמֵ֣אָה7 of 14

and an hundred

H3967

a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction

צֹ֑אן8 of 14

sheep

H6629

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)

לְ֠בַד9 of 14
H905

properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit

מֵֽאַיָּ֤ל10 of 14

beside harts

H354

a stag or male deer

וּצְבִי֙11 of 14

and roebucks

H6643

a gazelle (as beautiful)

וְיַחְמ֔וּר12 of 14

and fallowdeer

H3180

a kind of deer

וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖ים13 of 14

fowl

H1257

a fowl (as fattened on grain)

אֲבוּסִֽים׃14 of 14

and fatted

H75

to fodder


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 4:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 4:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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