King James Version

What Does 1 Corinthians 15:54 Mean?

1 Corinthians 15:54 in the King James Version says “So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be br... — study this verse from 1 Corinthians chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.

1 Corinthians 15:54 · KJV


Context

52

In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.

53

For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.

54

So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.

55

O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? grave: or, hell

56

The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality (ὅταν δὲ τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀφθαρσίαν καὶ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀθανασίαν)—The temporal conjunction hotan (ὅταν, "when, whenever") with aorist subjunctive indicates future certainty—not "if" but "when." Paul envisions the moment of transformation/resurrection as accomplished fact.

Then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory (τότε γενήσεται ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος, Κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος)—Paul quotes Isaiah 25:8 (LXX): "He will swallow up death forever." The verb katepothē (Κατεπόθη, "was swallowed up") uses divine passive—God swallows death. The phrase eis nikos (εἰς νῖκος, "into victory, unto victory") indicates complete, decisive triumph. Death, the devourer, is devoured. The hunter becomes prey. This is Christianity's stunning claim: death doesn't have final word—God defeats death through resurrection.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Isaiah 25:6-9 depicts eschatological banquet where God destroys death forever. Jewish apocalyptic expected this at the eschaton. Christianity proclaims it has begun in Christ's resurrection and will be consummated at His return. Death's defeat is inaugurated eschatology—'already' begun in Christ, 'not yet' completed until the parousia.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the imagery of death being 'swallowed up' indicate about resurrection's finality?
  2. How does Isaiah 25's banquet imagery connect to Christian hope and the marriage supper of the Lamb (Revelation 19:9)?
  3. In what sense is death already defeated, yet awaiting final destruction?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 24 words
ὅταν1 of 24

when

G3752

whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty); also causatively (conjunctionally) inasmuch as

δὲ2 of 24

So

G1161

but, and, etc

τὸ3 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

φθαρτὸν4 of 24

corruptible

G5349

decayed, i.e., (by implication) perishable

τοῦτο5 of 24

this

G5124

that thing

ἐνδύσηται6 of 24

shall have put on

G1746

to invest with clothing (literally or figuratively)

ἀφθαρσίαν7 of 24

incorruption

G861

incorruptibility; genitive, unending existence; (figuratively) genuineness

καὶ8 of 24

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὸ9 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θνητὸν10 of 24

mortal

G2349

liable to die

τοῦτο11 of 24

this

G5124

that thing

ἐνδύσηται12 of 24

shall have put on

G1746

to invest with clothing (literally or figuratively)

ἀθανασίαν13 of 24

immortality

G110

deathlessness

τότε14 of 24

then

G5119

the when, i.e., at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution)

γενήσεται15 of 24

shall be brought to pass

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

16 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

λόγος17 of 24

the saying

G3056

something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a

18 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γεγραμμένος19 of 24

that is written

G1125

to "grave", especially to write; figuratively, to describe

Κατεπόθη20 of 24

is swallowed up

G2666

to drink down, i.e., gulp entire (literally or figuratively)

21 of 24
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θάνατος22 of 24

Death

G2288

(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)

εἰς23 of 24

in

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

νῖκος24 of 24

victory

G3534

a conquest (concretely), i.e., (by implication) triumph


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Corinthians. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Corinthians 15:54 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Corinthians 15:54 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study