King James Version

What Does 1 Chronicles 6:21 Mean?

1 Chronicles 6:21 in the King James Version says “Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeaterai his son. Joah: or, Ethan.ver.2. Iddo: or, Adaiah.ver.41.” — study this verse from 1 Chronicles chapter 6 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeaterai his son. Joah: or, Ethan.ver.2. Iddo: or, Adaiah.ver.41.”

1 Chronicles 6:21 · KJV

Context

19

The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. And these are the families of the Levites according to their fathers.

20

Of Gershom; Libni his son, Jahath his son, Zimmah his son,

21

Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeaterai his son. Joah: or, Ethan.ver.2. Iddo: or, Adaiah.ver.41.

22

The sons of Kohath; Amminadab his son, Korah his son, Assir his son, Amminadab: or, Izahar.ver.2.18.

23

Elkanah his son, and Ebiasaph his son, and Assir his son,

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Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Genealogical Significance: This verse appears within the Levitical priesthood and worship section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term כֹּהֵן (kohen) - priest is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as theological statements about covenant continuity and divine faithfulness.

The genealogical structure serves multiple purposes: (1) establishing Israel's connection to God's creatio n plan from Adam, (2) legitimizing post-exilic community's claim to covenant promises, (3) emphasizing Judah and Levi's special roles in God's redemptive plan, and (4) demonstrating that despite exile, God's covenant purposes continue. The selection and arrangement of names is intentional, highlighting Mediatorial role of priesthood.

Chronicles diverges from Genesis and Samuel-Kings in its genealogical presentation, reflecting the Chronicler's distinct theological agenda. Where earlier texts focus on narrative history, Chronicles emphasizes continuity, legitimacy, and hope for restoration. This verse contributes to the larger argument that the post-exilic community is the rightful heir of God's ancient covenant promises.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Post-Exilic Context: The Chronicler wrote during the Persian period (450-400 BCE) to a community returned from Babylonian exile, struggling with identity and purpose. These genealogies answered crucial questions: Who are we? What is our relationship to ancient Israel? Do God's promises still apply to us?

The historical setting influences the text's emphasis on Levitical genealogies and priestly lines. Ancient Near Eastern cultures valued genealogies for establishing land rights, royal legitimacy, and tribal identity. Chronicles' genealogies served similar functions while adding theological depth. The inclusion of specific names and details reflects the author's access to temple archives, royal records, and earlier biblical texts.

Archaeological evidence from Persian-period Judah shows a small, struggling community centered around Jerusalem and the rebuilt temple. The genealogies reinforced their connection to the glorious past and provided hope for future restoration through God's covenant faithfulness.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding genealogies as theological statements rather than mere historical records change your reading of Chronicles and other biblical genealogies?
  2. What does this verse teach about God's faithfulness across generations, and how does that apply to your own family's spiritual legacy?
  3. How does Mediatorial role of priesthood connect to the New Testament revelation of Jesus Christ as the fulfillment of Old Testament promises?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
יוֹאָ֤ח1 of 8

“Joah”

H3098

joach, the name of four israelites

בְּנֽוֹ׃2 of 8

“his son”

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

עִדּ֣וֹ3 of 8

“Iddo”

H5714

iddo (or iddi), the name of five israelites

בְּנֽוֹ׃4 of 8

“his son”

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

זֶ֥רַח5 of 8

“Zerah”

H2226

zerach, the name of three israelites, also of an idumaean and an ethiopian prince

בְּנֽוֹ׃6 of 8

“his son”

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יְאָתְרַ֥י7 of 8

“Jeaterai”

H2979

jeatherai, an israelite

בְּנֽוֹ׃8 of 8

“his son”

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Chronicles. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Chronicles 6:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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