King James Version

What Does 1 Chronicles 3:1 Mean?

1 Chronicles 3:1 in the King James Version says “Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; ... — study this verse from 1 Chronicles chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess: Daniel: or, Chileab 2Sam.3.3.

1 Chronicles 3:1 · KJV


Context

1

Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess: Daniel: or, Chileab 2Sam.3.3.

2

The third, Absalom the son of Maachah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur: the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith:

3

The fifth, Shephatiah of Abital: the sixth, Ithream by Eglah his wife.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Genealogical Significance: This verse appears within the Davidic royal succession section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term מַלְכוּת (malkhut) - kingdom is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as theological statements about covenant continuity and divine faithfulness.

The genealogical structure serves multiple purposes: (1) establishing Israel's connection to God's creatio n plan from Adam, (2) legitimizing post-exilic community's claim to covenant promises, (3) emphasizing Judah and Levi's special roles in God's redemptive plan, and (4) demonstrating that despite exile, God's covenant purposes continue. The selection and arrangement of names is intentional, highlighting Eternal covenant with David's house.

Chronicles diverges from Genesis and Samuel-Kings in its genealogical presentation, reflecting the Chronicler's distinct theological agenda. Where earlier texts focus on narrative history, Chronicles emphasizes continuity, legitimacy, and hope for restoration. This verse contributes to the larger argument that the post-exilic community is the rightful heir of God's ancient covenant promises.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Post-Exilic Context: The Chronicler wrote during the Persian period (450-400 BCE) to a community returned from Babylonian exile, struggling with identity and purpose. These genealogies answered crucial questions: Who are we? What is our relationship to ancient Israel? Do God's promises still apply to us?

The historical setting influences the text's emphasis on David's descendants and royal succession. Ancient Near Eastern cultures valued genealogies for establishing land rights, royal legitimacy, and tribal identity. Chronicles' genealogies served similar functions while adding theological depth. The inclusion of specific names and details reflects the author's access to temple archives, royal records, and earlier biblical texts.

Archaeological evidence from Persian-period Judah shows a small, struggling community centered around Jerusalem and the rebuilt temple. The genealogies reinforced their connection to the glorious past and provided hope for future restoration through God's covenant faithfulness.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding genealogies as theological statements rather than mere historical records change your reading of Chronicles and other biblical genealogies?
  2. What does this verse teach about God's faithfulness across generations, and how does that apply to your own family's spiritual legacy?
  3. How does Eternal covenant with David's house connect to the New Testament revelation of Jesus Christ as the fulfillment of Old Testament promises?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וְאֵ֤לֶּה1 of 16
H428

these or those

הָיוּ֙2 of 16
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בְּנֵ֣י3 of 16

Now these were the sons

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

דָויִ֔ד4 of 16

of David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

אֲשֶׁ֥ר5 of 16
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

נֽוֹלַד6 of 16

which were born

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

ל֖וֹ7 of 16
H0
בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן8 of 16

unto him in Hebron

H2275

chebron, the name of two israelites

הַבְּכ֣וֹר׀9 of 16

the firstborn

H1060

first-born; hence, chief

אַמְנֹ֗ן10 of 16

Amnon

H550

amnon (or aminon), a son of david

לַֽאֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙11 of 16

of Ahinoam

H293

achinoam, the name of two israelitesses

הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔ית12 of 16

the Jezreelitess

H3159

a jezreelitess

שֵׁנִי֙13 of 16

the second

H8145

properly, double, i.e., second; also adverbially, again

דָּֽנִיֵּ֔אל14 of 16

Daniel

H1840

daniel or danijel, the name of two israelites

לַֽאֲבִיגַ֖יִל15 of 16

of Abigail

H26

abigail or abigal, the name of two israelitesses

הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽית׃16 of 16

the Carmelitess

H3762

a karmelitess or female inhabitant of karmel


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Chronicles. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Chronicles 3:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Chronicles 3:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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