Verses 1-8: The First Four Seals and the Four Horsemen. The Lamb opens the first four seals, each releasing a horseman symbolizing conquest (white horse), war (red horse), famine (black horse), and death (pale horse). These represent escalating judgments on the earth.
Verses 9-11: The Fifth Seal and the Martyrs' Cry. The souls of those martyred for God's word are seen under the altar, crying out for justice and given white robes, symbolizing their vindication and future rest.
Verses 12-17: The Sixth Seal and Cosmic Disturbances. A great earthquake, darkened sun and moon, falling stars, and the shaking of mountains and islands portray the terrifying onset of God's wrath. All people, regardless of status, seek refuge but recognize the inevitability of judgment.