King James Version

What Does Nehemiah 1:1 Mean?

Nehemiah 1:1 in the King James Version says “The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. And it came to pass in the month Chisleu, in the twentieth year, as I was in... — study this verse from Nehemiah chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. And it came to pass in the month Chisleu, in the twentieth year, as I was in Shushan the palace,

Nehemiah 1:1 · KJV


Context

1

The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. And it came to pass in the month Chisleu, in the twentieth year, as I was in Shushan the palace,

2

That Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men of Judah; and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped, which were left of the captivity, and concerning Jerusalem.

3

And they said unto me, The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach: the wall of Jerusalem also is broken down, and the gates thereof are burned with fire.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. And it came to pass in the month Chisleu, in the twentieth year, as I was in Shushan the palace,

The book opens with precise historical markers establishing credibility and context. The name Nehemiah (נְחֶמְיָה, Nechemyah) means 'Yahweh comforts' or 'comfort of Yahweh,' foreshadowing God's comforting work through this servant. Hachaliah identifies his father, distinguishing this Nehemiah from others in Scripture. The month Chisleu (Kislev) corresponds to November-December, and the twentieth year refers to Artaxerxes I's reign (465-424 BC), dating this to 445 BC—thirteen years after Ezra's return.

Shushan (Susa) was the Persian winter capital, located in modern-day Iran. This was where Esther's story unfolded decades earlier, showing God's continued providential placement of His people in strategic positions. Nehemiah's position as royal cupbearer (v.11) gave him access to the king yet also placed him far from Jerusalem. The phrase 'it came to pass' (וַיְהִי, vayehi) introduces significant narrative developments throughout Scripture. Archaeological excavations at Susa have confirmed its grandeur and importance as a Persian administrative center, validating the biblical account's historical reliability.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This period falls within the Persian Empire's dominance (539-331 BC) following Babylon's fall. Artaxerxes I 'Longimanus' ruled from 465-424 BC, maintaining the empire his father Xerxes (Ahasuerus) and grandfather Darius had built. The Jewish community faced unique challenges—they had returned to Judah under Cyrus's decree (538 BC) but remained Persian subjects without political autonomy.

The timeline is crucial: Zerubbabel led the first return in 538 BC, rebuilding the temple by 516 BC. Ezra returned in 458 BC with religious reforms. Now in 445 BC, Nehemiah will address the physical security crisis. The twenty-year gap between Ezra and Nehemiah saw continued struggles. The royal court at Susa was a place of intrigue, luxury, and power—vastly different from struggling Jerusalem. Nehemiah's willingness to leave comfort for hardship demonstrates remarkable character shaped by covenant loyalty.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding God's providence in Nehemiah's placement encourage you to see your current position as potentially strategic for God's purposes?
  2. What 'Jerusalem' (place of need, people in crisis) is God burdening your heart about despite your current comfort or distance?
  3. How does the historical reliability of Scripture strengthen your confidence in God's promises and commands?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
דִּבְרֵ֥י1 of 13

The words

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

נְחֶמְיָ֖ה2 of 13

of Nehemiah

H5166

nechemjah, the name of three israelites

בֶּן3 of 13

the son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

חֲכַלְיָ֑ה4 of 13

of Hachaliah

H2446

chakaljah, an israelite

וַיְהִ֤י5 of 13
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בְחֹֽדֶשׁ6 of 13

And it came to pass in the month

H2320

the new moon; by implication, a month

כִּסְלֵו֙7 of 13

Chisleu

H3691

kisleu, the 9th hebrew month

שְׁנַ֣ת8 of 13

year

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

עֶשְׂרִ֔ים9 of 13

in the twentieth

H6242

twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

וַֽאֲנִ֥י10 of 13
H589

i

הָיִ֖יתִי11 of 13
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן12 of 13

as I was in Shushan

H7800

shushan, a place in persia

הַבִּירָֽה׃13 of 13

the palace

H1002

a castle or palace


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Nehemiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Nehemiah 1:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Nehemiah 1:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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