King James Version

What Does Genesis 40:17 Mean?

And in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat them out of the basket upon my head. bakemeats: Heb. meat of Pharaoh, the work of a baker, or, cook

Genesis 40:17 · KJV


Context

15

For indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews: and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon.

16

When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he said unto Joseph, I also was in my dream, and, behold, I had three white baskets on my head: white: or, full of holes

17

And in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat them out of the basket upon my head. bakemeats: Heb. meat of Pharaoh, the work of a baker, or, cook

18

And Joseph answered and said, This is the interpretation thereof: The three baskets are three days:

19

Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thy head from off thee, and shall hang thee on a tree; and the birds shall eat thy flesh from off thee. lift: or, reckon thee, and take thy office from thee


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat ... This passage is part of the Joseph narrative, a masterfully crafted account demonstrating God's sovereign providence working through human choices and circumstances to accomplish His redemptive purposes. The Joseph cycle shows how God transforms evil intentions into instruments of salvation.

Central themes include divine providence orchestrating events toward redemptive ends, the testing and refinement of character through suffering and success, forgiveness overcoming betrayal and injustice, and the preservation of God's covenant people through famine. Joseph's rise from slavery to second-in-command of Egypt illustrates how God exalts the humble and uses seeming disasters for ultimate good.

Theologically, these chapters reveal: (1) God's meticulous sovereignty over all events, even evil human actions; (2) suffering as preparation for future service rather than punishment; (3) forgiveness as reflecting divine character and enabling reconciliation; (4) God's covenant faithfulness across generations ensuring the survival and blessing of His people; (5) how present suffering gains meaning when viewed from the perspective of God's larger purposes. Joseph's words "you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good" (50:20) epitomize biblical theodicy and providence.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse contribute to the biblical doctrine of creation, fall, or redemption?
  2. How can we apply the principles from this passage to contemporary challenges in family, work, or church?
  3. In what ways does this narrative foreshadow or typify aspects of Christ's redemptive work?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
הַסַּ֖ל1 of 14

basket

H5536

properly, a willow twig (as pendulous), i.e., an osier; but only as woven into a basket

הָֽעֶלְי֗וֹן2 of 14

And in the uppermost

H5945

an elevation, i.e., (adjectively) lofty (comparatively); as title, the supreme

מִכֹּ֛ל3 of 14
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

מַֽאֲכַ֥ל4 of 14

there was of all manner

H3978

an eatable (including provender, flesh and fruit)

פַּרְעֹ֖ה5 of 14

for Pharaoh

H6547

paroh, a general title of egyptian kings

מַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה6 of 14

of bakemeats

H4639

an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

אֹפֶ֑ה7 of 14
H644

to cook, especially to bake

וְהָע֗וֹף8 of 14

and the birds

H5775

a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectively

אֹכֵ֥ל9 of 14

did eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

אֹתָ֛ם10 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מִן11 of 14
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הַסַּ֖ל12 of 14

basket

H5536

properly, a willow twig (as pendulous), i.e., an osier; but only as woven into a basket

מֵעַ֥ל13 of 14

upon

H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

רֹאשִֽׁי׃14 of 14

my head

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Genesis. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Genesis 40:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Genesis 40:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study